Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09320-8
Seasonal and annual performance analysis of PCM‑integrated building
brick under the climatic conditions of Marmara region
Ekrem Tunçbilek
1
· Müslüm Arıcı
1
· Salwa Bouadila
2
· Surjamanto Wonorahardjo
3
Received: 30 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 January 2020
© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract
In this work, thermal performance of a conventional brick incorporating phase change material (PCM) is studied. The infu-
ence of brick containing PCM on heating and cooling loads is examined considering diferent fusion temperatures, locations
and quantities of PCM. Seasonal and annual thermal performance analysis of brick flled with PCM is evaluated and quanti-
fed for climatic conditions of Marmara region, Turkey, by an established and verifed numerical model. The obtained results
are compared with those of conventional brick and brick flled with phase stabilized material to identify the contribution
of latent heat to energy saving. The results showed that flling the gaps of brick near the indoor ambient provides a higher
energy conservation. The optimum fusion temperature of PCM varied from season to season in the range of 18–26 °C. An
adverse efect of the latent heat activation was observed in summer season, causing higher cooling energy demand by an
inappropriate selection of phase transition temperature. Then, an annual analysis was performed to determine the optimum
melting temperature which was found to be 18 °C. By incorporating PCM to the brick, the annual thermal load decreased
by 17.6%, 13.2% of which was attained due to the utilization of latent heat. The outcomes of this study suggest that the
integration of PCM with optimum fusion temperature into the brick can reduce heating and cooling loads considerably in
every season of the year and provide thermal comfort for the occupants.
Keywords Brick · Energy saving · Latent heat · Thermal inertia · Phase change materials · Phase transition temperature
List of symbols
C
p
Specifc heat (J kg
−1
K
−1
)
E Energy saving (kJ m
−2
year
−1
)
F View factor
f Liquid fraction
g Gravitational acceleration (m s
−2
)
h Convective heat transfer coefcient
(W m
−2
K
−1
)
H Height (m)
I Solar radiation (W m
−2
)
k Thermal conductivity (W m
−1
K
−1
)
L
c
Characteristic length (m)
L
H
Latent heat (kJ kg
−1
)
Nu Nusselt number
P One day period (86,400 s)
Pr Prandtl number
Q Total heat gain/loss (kJ m
−2
day
−1
)
Ra Rayleigh number
T Temperature (K, °C)
t Time (s, h)
w Wind velocity (m s
−1
)
W Width (m)
Greek symbols
α Thermal difusivity (m
2
s
−1
)
α
G
Absorptivity
β Thermal expansion coefcient (K
−1
)
ε Emissivity
φ A factor for radiative heat exchange
γ Kinematic viscosity (m
2
s
−1
)
ρ Density (kg m
−3
)
ϑ Tilt angle
σ Stefan–Boltzmann constant
(5.67 × 10
−8
W m
−2
K
−4
)
* Müslüm Arıcı
muslumarici@gmail.com
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty,
Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, 41001 Kocaeli,
Turkey
2
Research and Technology Center of Energy, Thermal
Processes Laboratory, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
3
Building Technology Research Group, SAPPK, ITB,
Bandung 40132, Indonesia