ScienceDirect
IFAC-PapersOnLine 48-10 (2015) 081–086
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2405-8963 © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.08.112
© 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Quality of Service, Reconfiguration, Middleware, Model Driven Design
1. INTRODUCTION
In the last years, the automation and control systems have
been required to become more complex, trustworthy and safe,
to be able to support the technological changes given by the
factory of the future concept. This concept has encouraged
the industry to demand manufacturing systems which provide
characteristics of reusability, modularity and flexibility. And,
at the same time, making the manufacturing system
intelligent, affordable, virtual, reliable, easy to adapt, operate
and maintain (Factory of the Future, 2010).
This means that the industry has started to integrate
intelligent machinery components and architectures that helps
in the automation, control and optimization of the processes,
ensuring plant availability while providing high quality
production with zero defects ( Factory of the Future, 2012).
A mechanism to achieve some of the commented goals is to
build the system with the ability of self-reconfiguration to
meet QoS requirements. Reconfiguration provides the system
with the ability, for instance, of switching from one
configuration to another improving the efficiency of the
system with respect to sudden changes on costumer demands
and unpredictable events, like failures or disruptions.
Different works can be found in the literature dealing with
reconfiguration in manufacturing system. Some of these
works have implemented reconfiguration mechanisms in the
area of production re-scheduling. (Anosike et al., 2009) uses
the information related with the work load of the different
machines, the time it takes for an operation to finish, and the
route it needs to travel, to optimize the route and the
machines to be used for every product. Another example is
the work of (Morenas et al., 2012) which assign priorities to
products in order to conclude which one needs to be finished
earlier. This priority is based on the client, the deadline and
the order of the arrival.
However, the reconfiguration of manufacturing system is not
limited to production re-scheduling. There are other works
that deal with the reconfiguration of the control system.
(Lepuschitz et al., 2011) provides the reconfiguration of a
control system based on IEC 61499 standard that is able to
add, remove and reconnect functional blocks (FBs) in order
to reconfigure the controller. In this same area (Yan et al.,
2013; Schimmel et al., 2011) also perform reconfiguration of
IEC 61499 controllers, by shifting the functionality of a FB
from one controller into other. This is done by restoring not
only the code but also the state of the FB (this is known as
stateful reconfiguration). Another example of a stateful
reconfiguration based on C programming is presented in
(Merz et al., 2012). All these works deal with problems
related to availability and software updates. In general, they
offer a custom solution to concrete issues. The main purpose
of this work is to provide generic mechanisms to support
reconfiguration based on different Quality of Service (QoS)
requirements.
The incorporation of reconfiguration mechanisms into
manufacturing systems has increased their complexity in
terms of distribution, size and functionality. As a result, the
design and development processes have also become more
complex. In the last years, the use of model driven
development (MDD) has been proposed to guide and help the
engineers in the design and development of complex systems
*Dept. Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática. ETSI Bilbao, UPV/EHU
Spain (e-mail: rafael.priego, marga.marcos@ehu.eus)
+IK4-Ikerlan, Arrasate, Spain
(email: aagirre@ikerlan.es)
**Dept. Ingeniería Electrónica y Automática EPS de Jaén
Spain (e-mail: eestevez@ujaen.es)
Abstract: Current automation systems demand flexibility and efficiency in order to face the constant
changes of the application in terms of dynamism, complexity and extensibility. To deal with these
demanded requirements, automation systems have been provided with reconfiguration techniques that
have allowed them to reschedule the production, to recover from a faulty situation and to update the
controller at run time, among others. This paper presents a middleware architecture which provides the
automation systems with the necessary mechanisms to monitor and manage several types of QoS
requirements that must be assured during system operation. The design of the middleware is based on a
meta-model of the automation system, composed by a set of mechatronic components containing the
information related to the hardware platform, the software they implement and their internal state that
allows the middleware to take decisions in order to perform the different types of reconfiguration.
R.Priego*, A. Agirre+, E. Estévez**, D. Orive*, M. Marcos*
Middleware-based Support for Reconfigurable Mechatronic Systems