Greenwich Social Work Review
2020, Vol 1, No 2, 68-77
https://doi.org/10.21100/gswr.v1i1.1109 ISSN: 2633-4313
Contact: sgiwa@mun.ca 68 © Greenwich Social Work Review
Female sex workers’ perspectives of front -line
police officers’ ability to ensure their safety in St.
John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
AmyAnne Smith
1
, Danielle M. Tulk
1
, Megan Ropson
1
, Kaitlyn A. Snook
1
and Sulaimon Giwa
1,2,3
1
School of Social Work, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
2
Department of Sociology, Police Studies, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL,
Canada
3
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, St. Thomas University, Fredericton, NB, Canada
Received 23 April 2020
Accepted for publication 20 July 2020
Published 17 December 2020
Abstract
The influence of stigma and discrimination on sex workers’ perceptions of safety is not well documented outside of Canada’s
three largest provinces—Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec. This preliminary qualitative study examines sex workers’
perceptions of front-line police officers’ ability to ensure their safety. The research draws on four semi -structured, in-depth
interviews with female sex workers in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Guided by an anti -oppressive social
justice framework, our thematic analysis of the interviews identified three major findings: (a) the existence of police stigma
as undermining sex worker safety on and off the job; (b) the importance of alternative means of safety outside of law
enforcement; and (c) the implications of existing legislation and its impacts on safe working conditions. Findings suggest the
need for ongoing research to understand the challenges and barriers to sex worker safety, so that these issues can be
addressed through evidence-informed stigma reduction strategies.
Keywords: female sex worker, sex worker safety and protection, police and stigma, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador,
Canada
1. Introduction
Sex workers have varied and volatile interactions with
police, the challenges of which are well documented
(Williamson et al., 2007; Boittin, 2013; Bruckert and
Hannem, 2013; Dewey and St. Germain, 2014; Armstrong,
2017). In Canada, sex workers’ experiences with law
enforcement are overwhelmingly negative: the violation of
their rights, the dismissal of their reported abuses, and the
abuse by law enforcement officials are all issues that emerge
in the existing literature (Bruckert and Hannem, 2013; Benoit
et al., 2016). Safety is a complex topic for sex workers and
much of their ability to keep safe is not facilitated by police
(Benoit et al., 2016); sometimes, sex workers feel that it is
the police from whom they need to be kept safe (Erausquin,
Reed and Blankenship, 2011; Boittin, 2013; Odinokova et
al., 2014).
While there are studies examining the interactions
between sex workers and police officers (e.g. Beattie et al.,
2010; Decker et al., 2013), as well sex workers’ perceptions
of safety (e.g. Krüsi, Kerr et al., 2016), these topics are
underresearched in Canada. Existing literature focuses on
Canada’s three largest provinces—Ontario, British
Columbia, and Quebec. It suggests that sex workers have low
levels of confidence in police and are highly stigmatized by
law enforcement officials (Bruckert and Hannem, 2013;
Benoit et al., 2016; Krüsi, Kerr et al., 2016). Because Canada
is highly regionalized, there is a gap in knowledge about sex