Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition)
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2021 (136-142)
Submitted: 19 February 2020, Accepted: 3 April 2021
Online https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jgi
1
Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang
2
Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
*Correspondence : e-mail: juntra8686@gmail.com, Telp/HP. 081338666698
Copyright © 2021; Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), Volume 9 (2), 2021
e-ISSN: 2338-3119, p-ISSN: 1858-4942
136
Effects of mixture powder of black rice (Oryza sativa L indica), red
beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L), and moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L)
on blood glucose concentration in hyperglycemic Rats
Lalu Juntra Utama
1*
, Suryana Suryana
2
, Anita Christina Sembiring
1
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus, increased blood glucose or hyperglycemia, is associated with increased oxidative stress and
cardiovascular diseases. This condition will further cause carbohydrate and fat metabolism change, resulting in the decreased
antioxidant defense system. Black rice, red beans, and moringa leaves contain oleic acid, butyric amino acid, antioxidants,
phytic acid, and arginine, which can improve insulin sensitivity, and blood glucose homeostasis.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of betamelor (black rice, red beans, and moringa leaves) on blood glucose
in rats
Materials and Methods: The design of this research was experimental research with pre-and post-control group design. A
total of 20 Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into four groups, namely standard feed (PS), 80% feed of betamelor
(PB8), 50% feed of betamelor (PB5), and 20% feed of betamelor (PB2). Betamelor intervention was given as much as 5% of
weight for 28 days. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels were measured using the GOD-PAP method. Blood glucose data
were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level and using Duncan's test.
Results: There were differences in FBG between groups after the intervention of betamelor. The results showed that after 28
days of intervention, betamelor decreased the serum glucose concentration from 122.69 mg / dL to 97.70 mg / dL (20.37%)
in the PB8 group and from 123.91 mg / dL to 113.28 mg / dL (8.58%) in the PB5 group, but the standard diet (PS) increased
by 5.73%. This result can be applied to reduce blood glucose levels in obese and patients with metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions: There was a significant effect of giving a mixture of black rice, red beans, and Moringa leaves on fasting blood
sugar in rats.
Keywords: Black rice; Red beans; Moringa leaves; Fasting blood glucose
BACKGROUND
The changes in lifestyle and diet of
carbohydrate-based foods into high-fat content foods
leads to the rise of degenerative diseases such as
coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes
mellitus. An increase in blood glucose or
hyperglycemia is a sign of a metabolic disorder known
as diabetes mellitus and is associated with the rise of
oxidative stress and complications in the vascular
system. It will further cause the alteration in
carbohydrate and fat metabolism resulting in an
impairment of the oxidation defense system. In which
this condition stimulates the increased formation of
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induce β-pancreatic
cell dysfunction.1
One of the antioxidant defense systems is
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), the enzyme involved in
the earliest and most potent detoxification in cells.2 The
antioxidant enzyme itself is an essential enzyme which
is able to eliminate radicals, then may protect cells
against toxic of aerobic metabolism byproducts.3 The
use of oral medicine of diabetes mellitus accompanied
by the use of natural ingredients already become
common practice yet, and around 1050 anti-Diabetes
Mellitus plants have been studied.4 Some plants
commonly used as a source of functional foods and
already developed to help in controlling blood sugar are
black rice, red beans, and moringa leaves. Ingredients
contain oleic acid, amino butyric acid, antioxidants,
pitic acid and arginine which are proven to reduce the
rate of oxidative stress, thereby increasing antioxidants
in the body.
Following Walter and Marchesan (2011),
phenolic compounds are concentrated higher in the
black rice pericarp.5 Bioactive compounds work as
antioxidants in rice, including phenolic, flavonoid,