Am J Clin Dermatol 2006; 7 (6): 359-368
REVIEW ARTICLE 1175-0561/06/0006-0359/$39.95/0
© 2006 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Use in Patients
with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Nicole Mittmann,
1
Brian Chan,
1
Sandra Knowles,
2
Lidia Cosentino
3
and Neil Shear
1,4
1 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
2 Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3 Talecris Biotherapeutics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
4 Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Contents
Abstract ............................................................................................................... 359
1. Literature Search and Data Analysis .................................................................................. 360
2. Results ............................................................................................................. 362
2.1 Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) ..................................................................... 362
2.2 Characterization of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Patients and IVIg Use ................... 362
3. Discussion .......................................................................................................... 362
4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 366
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been proposed as a treatment for toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) Abstract
and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to examine the
efficacy and safety of IVIg in TEN and SJS patients. Seventeen relevant articles (14 TEN, 3 SJS) were identified.
Only three of the TEN studies and one of the SJS studies were prospective; retrospective studies were the most
common study design published. Information regarding disease severity, IVIg use, response, and hospitalization
were recorded and cumulated. Aggregate level statistics were calculated. The average IVIg doses used were
0.8 ± 0.4 g/kg/day for a mean duration of 4.0 ± 1.0 days in TEN patients and 0.8 ± 0.2 g/kg/day for 3.4 ± 1.0 days
in SJS patients. The clinical experience of IVIg use in TEN and SJS patients was positive in most cases.
However, more studies need to be conducted to confirm the benefit of IVIg use in patients with TEN or SJS.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syn- positive Nikolsky sign (epidermal separation induced by gentle
drome (SJS) represent different degrees of a severe, acute lateral pressure on the skin surface).
[1]
Coalescence of lesions is
mucocutaneous reaction resulting mainly from use of drugs.
[1]
frequent, and confluence is widespread in TEN but limited to the
TEN and SJS are diagnosed objectively according to a consen- face, neck, and chest in SJS.
[1]
Necrotic epidermis slides off the
sus-derived definition.
[2]
Clinical features include a macular rash facial region and pressure points on the body, such as the neck and
that appears on the face, neck, chin, and trunk but may spread to back, in sheets.
[1]
According to the consensus-derived definition,
[2]
the rest of the body.
[1]
Lesions are flat and tender, resembling SJS is characterized by mucous membrane erosions and blisters on
target lesions in appearance but of larger size, and exhibit a <10% of the total body surface area, whereas ‘TEN without spots’