Perspective Volume 12 Issue 5 - June 2020 DOI: 10.19080/ADOH.2020.12.555849 Adv Dent & Oral Health Copyright © All rights are reserved by Antonia Sinesi Modification of the Oral Microbiota and Carcinogenesis of the Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract Antonia Sinesi 1 *, Stefania Pernarella 2 , Antonio Sarnataro 3 , Cinzia Casu 4 and Savino Cefola 5 1 RDH Freelancer Canosa di Puglia, Italy 2 RDH Freelancer Latina, Italy 3 RDH and Editor Florence, Italy 4 Private Dental Practice, Cagliari, Italy 5 Private Dental Practise, Barletta, Italy Submission: June 12, 2020; Published: June 29, 2020 *Corresponding author: Antonia Sinesi, RDH Freelancer Canosa di Puglia, Italy Adv Dent & Oral Health 12(5): ADOH.MS.ID.555849 (2020) 00250 Abstract Introduction: The microbiota present in the human oral cavity can be considered one of the most complex ecosystems of our body, since the various anatomical structures present, teeth, gingival sulcus, palate, tongue and tonsils offer a variety of habitats in which different microbial agents can colonize. Some of the microorganisms present in it play a protective role for our health, offering resistance to some pathogens, helping to maintain the oral homeostasis, while others may become responsible for triggering oral diseases, like tooth decay, periodontal diseases or oral cancer. Lately the interest of the scientific world is focusing on the presence of these bacteria in tumor sites developed in distant districts, such as the gastrointestinal one. The oral microbiota and its change play an important role in the oncological pathology as for example in the carcinoma of the tongue, pharynx-esophagus, digestive tract, colorectal and pancreas. Materials and Methods: Gastrointestinal tract cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Numerous studies suggest the involvement of periodontal pathogens and cancer. In this work we considered scientific evidences and literature reviews in which the correlation between periodontal bacteria (F. nucleatum, P. ginvilalis, Tannerella forsizia, Streptococcus anginosus.) and gastro-intestinal cancer are examined and studied. Results: Several ways in which bacteria can induce carcinogenesis have been highlighted: induction of chronic inflammation, inhibition of the immune response, interference with signaling pathways and cell cycles and support for local metabolism of carcinogens. Among the periodontal pathogenic bacteria, F. nucleatum deserves special attention. It is strongly related to gastrointestinal and pancreatic tumors. Scientific studies have shown a clear association between alteration of the oral microbiota and tumors of the gastro-intestinal tract and pancreas. Conclusion: Bacterial biodiversity is highly associated with tumors of the gastro-intestinal tract and pancreas. Understanding this association, through the use of molecular diagnostics, can help establish a new way of preventing and diagnosing cancer based on bacterial composition. The monitoring of the microbiota could help to prevent the development of these neoplasms. Some species of the oral microbiota or alterations of the oral ecosystem could be accessible and non-invasive biomarkers for the identification of gastrointestinal tumors. The immune and inflammatory system play a crucial role in the development of the disease with a complex interaction between the host defense system and specific bacterial species. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors is required Introduction The oral cavity has more than 700 different bacterial species. These polymicrobial communities are involved in many important functions, such as immunity, protection against pathogens and the metabolism of food compounds, thus allowing homeostasis to be maintained. A close correlation between periodontal disease and systemic diseases [1] has been widely demonstrated: Cardiovascular disease, Respiratory tract infection, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis [2], and a close correlation between oral microbiota and cancer [3]. Today cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. The best-known bacterium associated with the development of gastric cancer in humans is Helicobacter pylori, defined as a class I carcinogen [4]. Parodontal bacteria such as Prevotella sp., Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis