145 Aldrian et al., Geriatric polytrauma
Wien Klin Wochenschr (2005) 117/4: 145–149
DOI 10.1007/s00508-004-0290-y
Original Article
Received April 15, 2004, accepted after revision October 18, 2004
© Springer-Verlag 2005
Summary. Background: compared to a younger pop-
ulation, the treatment of geriatric trauma victims is known
to be associated with a higher mortality and morbidity.
The objectives of this study are to assess the clinical
course and outcome of multitrauma patients aged 65
years and over. In addition, a direct comparison between
the geriatric trauma patients and the younger collective is
performed.
Method: our study includes all multitrauma patients
treated between 1992 and 2001 at a major urban trauma
center. The major issues of this analysis are: injury sever-
ity, injury pattern, preclinical hemodynamics and intuba-
tion rate, operative treatment, ventilation time, outcome
as well as incidence of multiorgan failure (MOF) and adult
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Out of these re-
sults, adults over 65 years of age (group B, n = 45) are
compared to the younger group, ranging from 16 to 64
years of age (group A, n = 369).
Results: The preclinical intubation rate was compara-
ble in both groups (A: 73.2%, B: 68.9%). Significantly
more cases of group B were primarily shocked (A: 29.0%,
B: 48.9%). The mean ISS was comparable in both groups
(A: 34.0; B: 32.1). The younger group showed a signifi-
cantly higher incidence of spine injuries (A: 21.1%; B:
6.7%). The number of emergency procedures (A: 24.2%;
B: 24.4%) and operations during the first 24 hours (A:
70.2%; B: 60.0%) was comparable in both groups. The
older group showed a lower number of reconstructive
operations (A: 57.6%; B: 35.6%). Geriatric trauma pa-
tients had a longer ventilation time compared to their
younger counterparts (A: 13.0 days, B: 20.0 days). During
ICU-therapy, the ARDS rate was comparable (A: 16.0%,
B: 15.6%). In contrast, the incidence of MOF was signif-
icantly higher in group B (A: 7.1%; B: 17.8%).
The older group showed a significantly higher mortal-
ity rate (A: 26.8%; B: 53.3%) as well as early mortality
during the first 24 hours after admission (A: 16.3%, B:
31.11%).
Conclusion: Despite similarity in injury severity and a
comparable injury pattern, elderly multitrauma patients
initially presented a higher rate of hemodynamic instabil-
ity, had to be ventilated longer and had a higher mortality.
Key words: Geriatric, polytrauma, injury severity, in-
jury pattern, mortality.
Introduction
It is estimated, that the proportion of elderly people in
our population will rise rapidly. In the year 2000, 20.7%
of the Austrian population was older than 60 years. In the
year 2030, 32.2% will be counted to this age group [1].
Reasons for the increasing rate of older people with mul-
tiple injuries are, on the one hand, an increasing life
expectancy and declining birth rate, on the other hand, the
higher mobility of older people.
The outcome and prognosis of geriatric trauma pa-
tients has become a matter of concern in recent years. In a
previous study, it was reported that older trauma patients
had a higher mortality due to the development of septic
complications [2]. One major complicating factor respon-
sible for the bad outcome is the limited physiological
reserve in elderly people. Other reasons for the increased
mortality rate in elderly trauma patients are preexisting
pulmonary and cardiopulmonary diseases.
It was the aim of the present study to analyze injury
severity, preclinical state, treatment, ventilation time,
complications and outcome of geriatric trauma patients. In
addition, we aimed to directly compare this group of
multitrauma patients with a younger control group.
Study population and methods
Data were obtained from a level I academic trauma center.
Since September 1992, all patients seen at our major urban
trauma center are being entered into a computerized trauma
database and our study includes patients up to December 2001.
We collected data on all polytrauma patients admitted to the
hospital for at least one day, as well as all patients declared
dead in the emergency department. The study includes all
polytrauma patients, defined as injuries of two or more body
cavities, or injury of one body cavity and two long bone
fractures. Not included are patients with isolated, severe, poten-
tially life-threatening injuries. Out of these data, including all
age groups, adults aged 65 years or older (group B) were
compared to the younger group aged from 16 to 64 years
(group A).
Geriatric polytrauma
Silke Aldrian
1
, Thomas Nau
1
, Franz Koenig
2
, and Vilmos Vécsei
1
1
Department of Trauma Surgery and
2
Department of Medical Statistics, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria
WIENER KLINISCHE
WOCHENSCHRIFT
The Middle European Journal
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