A SciTechnol Journal Research Article Sukkarieh et al., Int J Cardiovasc Res 2018, 7:3 DOI: 10.4172/2324-8602.1000349 International Journal of Cardiovascular Research All articles published in International Journal of Cardiovascular Research are the property of SciTechnol, and is protected by copyright laws. Copyright © 2018, SciTechnol, All Rights Reserved. International Publisher of Science, Technology and Medicine *Corresponding author: Hatouf H Sukkarieh, College of Medicine, Female Branch, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Mail code 3155, Riyadh, PO BOX 11481, Saudi Arabia, Tel: +966 11-42-99772; Email: sukkariehh@ksau-hs.edu.sa Received: March 23, 2018 Accepted: May 10, 2018 Published: May 16, 2018 The Impact of Height on Clinical Management of Hypertension in Primary Care Hatouf H Sukkarieh 1 *, Rami T Bustami 2 , Nadia El Amin 1 and Hadeel Al-khaneen 1 Abstract Study demonstrated that hypertension was signifcantly more controlled with increased height. Also, beta-blockers appeared to be effective for controlling BP in hypertensive patients. High blood pressure is one of the major well-being issues in most developed and developing countries. It is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney diseases globally. Worldwide, about one billion individuals were found to have high blood pressure and 13% of all fatalities were carefully related to hypertension. Keywords Hypertension; Clinical management; Primary care; Elevated blood pressure that stature was related to a reduced occurrence of hypertension in the elderly, independent of antihypertensive medicines. Also, gender had a contributing efect; a study from Brazil reported that hypertension was signifcantly more prevalent of hypertension afer adjustment for age, pay, smoking, sodium and alcohol intake and race. Systolic blood pressure showed a U-shaped association with stature, mainly among women [2,4-7]. Te mechanism underlying the association between height and hypertension is unclear. A connection to the dynamic properties of the arterial tree has been reported. Tat is, individuals of short stature may have shorter arterial tree, which will likely make the refected waves arrive earlier in the central aorta and augment central pressure and pulse pressure in late systole. Shorter stature in the elderly, low BMD and fractures are associated with increased arterial stifness and hypertension [2,5,6]. Another possible explanation could be nutrition in childhood, where evidence across studies indicates that short adult height in low and middle-income countries is driven by environmental conditions, particularly net nutrition during early years. Height is not only an important marker of malnutrition in childhood, but also a marker of mother’s nutrition during pregnancy [2,5-7]. Most of the above listed studies were conducted in western countries, and were based on exploring the association between height and hypertension. However, evidence on the relatioship hypertension and height in adult patients is lacking. Te aim of this study was to explore the association between height and control of blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive adult patients. Data and Methods Tis retrospective study was conducted for a random sample of patients in the outpatient primary care clinic in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh during 2016-2017. Patients were included if they had records of 3 consecutive blood pressure (BP) readings at least 1 month apart. In addition to BP, data on several patient demographic and medication-related data were also collected including age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), co- morbidities and antihypertensive medications including thiazide-type diuretics, calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Lack of BP control was defned as having a BP measure of ≥ 140/90 on at least two consecutive readings (Figure 1). Statistical analysis Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for the study sample. Continuous variables were summarized using mean (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR). Proportions were used for categorical variables. Management of hypertension (hypertension control status) was assessed and compared by demographic and clinical factors. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Te distribution of all continuous data will be examined. For continuous variables with normal distribution, a t-test was used for comparisons. If there was evidence against normality, the non- parametric Mann-Whitney U test is utilized. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the efect of height on BP control. Adjustments were made for several demographic and clinical factors Introduction Having high blood pressure is one of the major well-being issues in most developed and developing countries. It is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney diseases globally. Worldwide, about one billion individuals were found to have high blood pressure and 13% of all fatalities were carefully related to hypertension. Epidemiological studies have established risk factors for hypertension, including obesity, high salt intake; alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and sedentary lifestyles, but other factors remain unexplored [1]. It has been found that hypertension is carefully associated with body weight and size in US children. Tere is a high chance that having hypertension at an early age can develop into hypertension in adulthood [2]. Some evidence reveals an inverse relationship between height and risk of diabetes, cardiac arrest, and death rate [3]. Despite having a large number of publications regarding adult height, there seems to be little integration of the epidemiological and the population health perspectives on modern adult height. Te Epidemiological research revealed that height was inversely associated with heart diseases. Contradictory results were reported in regards to an association between height and having high blood pressure. while other studies reported a signifcant positive relationship between height and elevated BP levels [4]. Tese studies demonstrated that stature was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) but not with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). It has been additionally observed