Research Report 15 Number of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Combination Carbonate Hydroxyapatite, Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Antioxidant in Socket Rats Wistar After Tooth Extraction Rachma Widarena, Hengky Marlie, M. Rubianto and Ernie Maduratna Setiawatie Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia ABSTRACT Background: Bone graft materials have been used extensively to support bone healing after tooth extraction. Bone healing could be increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) that prolong the phase of the infammatory and delay reparative phase. Antioxidants are substances that can improve and reduce the number and the damage produced by ROS. Hence, the utilization of antioxidant which is utilized in conjunction to Carbonate hydroxyapatite is expected to increase the success of bone healing. Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the number of osteoblasts and osteoclast in the process of bone healing after employing Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and antioxidant in the Wistar rats’ incisor tooth extraction socket. Methods: Twenty-seven male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were divided into 3 treatment groups. This study uses a post-test only control design. Sample of 27 rats were divided into 3 groups. Mandibular incisive is extraction. Group 1, socket is lefted to fll with blood (control). Group 2, socket is flled bonegraft and antioxidants and group III, socket is flled antioxidants, bonegraft and platelet rich fbrin (PRF). After that, the wound is sutured. On day 14, the mice are terminated then viewed in microscopy of osteoblasts. The preparation of the bone tissues was given the staining by hematoxylin-eosin and then the numbers of the osteoblasts and osteoclast were calculated. Results: Statistical testing by using one-way ANOVA has proved that there are signifcant diferences in the number of osteoblasts in all 3 groups (p = 0.000). The highest numbers of osteoblasts were found in the group that was given Carbonate Hydroxyapatite combined with antioxidant and PRF and the lowest numbers of osteoblasts were found in the control group. Conclusion: Combination bonegraft, antioxidants and PRF could be increased the highest number of osteoblasts and could be decreased the lowest number of osteoclasts compared with control group and the group bonegraft and antioxidants. Keywords: antioxidant; osteoblast; osteoclast; periodontal disease Correspondence: Ernie Maduratna Setiawatie, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr Moestopo No. 47 Surabaya 60132, Indonesia. Email: ernie-m-s@fkg.unair.ac.id; erniemaduratna@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Various materials and techniques used as such bonegraft regenerative therapy, growth factors or other materials that play a role in the growth and diferentiation of the cells periodontal. 1 Bone is composed of protein and minerals. The main component of bone is a protein called collagen and bone mineral (calcium phosphate). Bone consists of four types of bone cells are osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts involved in bone healing. Bonegraft can help the process of bone regeneration through two mechanisms: osteoinduction and osteoconduction. 2 Platelet rich fbrin (PRF) is rich in growth factors and cytokines which increase the potential for hard tissue and soft tissue healing. Two prominent growth factors on bone healing are platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). growth factor is the most important mediator for the stimulation osteogenesis. 2 Osteoblasts plays an important role in the mineralization process. Osteoblasts regulates calcium and phosphate concentrations. In addition, osteoblasts also express alkaline phosphatase in high quantities to the plasma membrane. Alkaline phosphatase is also important in the process of bone mineralization. Osteoblasts as secretory metabolically active, producing a number of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, BMP 7 and a growth factor, in addition to insulin growth factor (IGF) I and IGF II, PDGF, fbroblast growth factor (FGF), TGF-β, interleukin (IL) I and PDGF as well as osteoid which mostly consists of collagen type I. osteoblasts also express receptor nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). expression products of osteoblasts occurs during bone remodeling. 3–5 Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine Volume 4 Issue 1 2021; 15-18 IJDM (eISSN: 2722-1253) is open access under CC-BY license. Available at: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJDM/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/ijdm.v4.i1.2021.15-18