Radiochimica ActazvutsponmihgecaWTSA 66/67, 129-131 (1994)
© R. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 1994
Applications of Functionalized Azaphosphanes
as Novel Scavenging Agents for Tc0
4
By Kattesh V. Katti*· Prahlad R. Singh"-
b
, Kavita K. Katti", Wynn A. Volkert
a
'
b c
and Alan R. Ketring"
* Department of Radiology, Center for Radiological Research,
b
Missouri University Research Reactor, University of Missouri-Columbia and
c
Research Service, H. S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Technetium-99 / Scavenging / Azaphosphanes /
Waste management
A bstract
Azaphosphanes functionalized with different organic substitu-
ents have been shown to selectively scavenge T c O j in the
presence of different concentrations of anions (NOi, Cl~, OH")
and cations (Pd
2+
, Pt
2+
, Fe
3+
). The fundamental coordination
chemistry of the azaphosphane-based ligand systems with Re
included detailed NMR spectroscopic and X-ray structural in-
vestigations which has provided important insights that may aid
in the application o f new azaphosphane ligands for scavenging
specific transition metals. The aforementioned studies, clearly
show the potential for the application o f this new class of main
group monomers and polymers in the treatment of liquid wastes
containing " Tc 0 4 for use in waste management procedures.
Introduction
Remediation of radioactive waste is of prime impor-
tance since it is recognized by the public as one of the
leading environmental issues of our time. The problem
extends to a wide diversity o f radioactive contaminants
in various forms, including ground water and storage
solutions containing various solvents. While removal
of a variety of radioisotopes from waste streams in
the environment is essential, removal o f techne-
tium-99 ("Tc) is considered to be one of the most im-
portant factors since it makes up a significant portion
o f the radioactive nuclides remaining in radioactive
wastes after decay periods of hundreds of years [1,
2], Therefore, there is world-wide concern about the
environmental contamination of "Tc. Considerable
quantities o f "Tc have been accumulated and are being
produced in nuclear reactors in amounts equaling ap-
proximately 1 kg per ton o f uranium. Approximately
10% of the mass of the fission products are made up
of "Tc since fission yield is 6.13% [2, 3]. Although
the radiotoxicity of "Tc is not extremely high, it poses
a major concern because of its long half-life (2.13 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaWVUTSRPONMLKIHFEDCBA
Χ10
5
years).
For the aforementioned reasons, a major goal is to
limit the discharge of "Tc to the lowest possible level.
* Address and Author for correspondence: Dr. Kattesh V. Katti,
Center for Radiological Research, University o f Missouri,
Allton Building Laboratories, Room 106, 301 B. Loop 70
West, Columbia, MO 65203.
Consequently it is essential to develop efficient meth-
ods to remove "Tc from a variety of vehicles, ranging
from high-level liquid wastes to low levels of radio-
activity in ground water.
Central to the discovery of new and efficient tech-
nologies for the removal of "Tc from various media is
the development of the fundamental coordination
chemistry of technetium and related elements. It has
been recognized that TcC>4 is one of the most stable
and unreactive forms of Tc. This chemical form of
technetium is very mobile and exhibits little interac-
tion with inorganic species in the geosphere [4]. How-
ever, reduced forms of "Tc (for example, Tc(IV) or
Tc(V)) may be strongly absorbed and exhibit minimal
migration. Even though the oxidation of "Tc 0 2 (a
major chemical found in spent reactor fuel) to "TCO4
in aerobic aqueous media is relatively slow, over many
years a large percentage will be converted to "TcO^
[1, 2]. The task of removing technetium as "TcO^
with a high degree of efficiency and selectivity is for-
midable but also quite critical. In this context we have
explored the possibility of using phosphinimine-based
ligands (e.g.; R3P=N-SiMe 3) for the selective scav-
enging of technetium as "TCO4. This choice of phos-
phinimine class of ligands is based on the fact that
these ligands can donate 1, 2 or up to 4 electrons to
most early transition metals to stabilize the metal com-
plexes in their high/ highest oxidation states [5—11],
M aterials and methods
All chemicals were obtained from Aldrich Chemical
Company and all reagents and solvents were o f re-
agent grade. Technetium-99m ( T c ) was eluted from
a "Mo/
99m
Tc radionuclide generator (Mallinckrodt,
Inc.).
Scavenging of
w,n
Tc04 with Ph3P=N-SiMe3
Between 1—5 ml of organic solvents (i.e., CHC1 3 ,
CH2 C1 2 , CCL,, THF or toluene) containing
Ph3P=NSiMe3 (0-100 mg/ ml) were mixed with 1 -
5 ml of aqueous solutions containing approximately
3.7 MBq (0.1 mCi) of TcC>4 and other anions.
"™Tc04 was obtained from a " M o / T c generator
supplied by Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc. For the par-
143
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