Clim. Past, 15, 1793–1808, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 1:
volcanic matching and annual layer counting
Dominic A. Winski
1,2
, Tyler J. Fudge
3
, David G. Ferris
4
, Erich C. Osterberg
4
, John M. Fegyveresi
5
, Jihong Cole-Dai
6
,
Zayta Thundercloud
4
, Thomas S. Cox
7
, Karl J. Kreutz
1,2
, Nikolas Ortman
4
, Christo Buizert
8
, Jenna Epifanio
8
,
Edward J. Brook
8
, Ross Beaudette
9
, Jeffrey Severinghaus
9
, Todd Sowers
10
, Eric J. Steig
3
, Emma C. Kahle
3
, Tyler
R. Jones
11
, Valerie Morris
11
, Murat Aydin
12
, Melinda R. Nicewonger
12
, Kimberly A. Casey
13,14
, Richard B. Alley
10
,
Edwin D. Waddington
3
, Nels A. Iverson
15
, Nelia W. Dunbar
15
, Ryan C. Bay
16
, Joseph M. Souney
17
, Michael Sigl
18
,
and Joseph R. McConnell
19
1
School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
2
Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
3
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
4
Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
5
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
6
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
7
Physical Science Department, Butte College, Oroville, California, USA
8
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
9
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
10
Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
11
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
12
Department of Earth System Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
13
Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
14
National Land Imaging Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA
15
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,
Socorro, New Mexico, USA
16
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
17
Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
18
Department of Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland
19
Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA
Correspondence: Dominic A. Winski (dominic.winski@maine.edu)
Received: 23 May 2019 – Discussion started: 5 June 2019
Revised: 20 August 2019 – Accepted: 23 August 2019 – Published: 8 October 2019
Abstract. The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled
in 2014–2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive
of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the
Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records
requires an accurate depth–age relationship. Here, we present
the SPICEcore (SP19) timescale for the age of the ice of
SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronol-
ogy from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide)
ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events.
These events indicate an age of 54 302±519 BP (years before
1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified
in sodium and magnesium ions to 11 341 BP were used to in-
terpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding
an annually resolved chronology through the Holocene. Esti-
mated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than
18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the in-
Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.