14 Advanced technologies THE POTENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF THE WILD GROWN ROSEHIP (Rosa canina L.) AND POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum L.) Staniša Latinović, Mirjana Brkljača, Marina Vujasin, Zoran Kukrić*, Božana Odžaković Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina The aim of this study was the determination of the antioxidant and antihyperglyce- mic efect of wild grown rosehip and pomegranate fruit extracts, and the determi- nation of the polyphenolic content (total phenols, favonoids, favonols, favan-3-ols and total and monomeric anthocyanins). The antioxidant activity of rosehip fruit in view of stable DPPH and ABTS radicals was higher comparing to pomegranate fruit, while according to the OH radical these two samples showed a similar efect (94.17 and 92.03 μg/mL). A dry rosehip fruit extract was found to have a 1.6 times more pronounced antihyperglycemic activity (1.42 mg/mL) compared to the dried pomegranate fruit extract (2.26 mg/mL). The content of total phenols of rosehip fruit was 8.75 mg GAE/g FPM and 22.01 mg GAE/g DPM , higher than the content of total phenols of pomegranate fruit (3.44 mg GAE/g FPM and 15.43 mg GAE/g DPM ). The content of total phenols in rosehip and pomegranate fruits was higher than the content of total favonoids, favonols and favan-3-ol and total and monomeric anthocyanins, which indicates that these components had the greatest impact on bioactivity of wiled grown fruits. Due to their bioactivity, the fruits of wild grown rosehip and pomegranate can be considered as potential functional food and food suitable for diabetics. Keywords: polyphenolic components, antioxidativity, antihyperglycemic activity Introduction Daily consumption of fruits and vegetables provides for body essential nutrients, such as fbers and bioactive com- pounds, and reduces the risk of developing some chronic diseases [1]. Wild grown edible fruits may have the potential to confer benefcial health efects due to their bioactivity and polyphenolic compounds [2]. Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) be- longs to the rose family (Rosaceae) and is a good source of bioactive compounds such as: vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, organic acids, minerals, as well as phenolic compounds that show antioxidant, anticancer and antimuta- genic efects [3-6]. Rosehip fruits are less often used fresh, but mainly during the industrial processing for marmalade, jelly, syrup, herbal tea and the wine production [7]. Wild grown pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is considered to be one of the oldest edible fruit and it is classi fed in the fam- ily Punicaceae. The edible part of the pomegranate fruit are the arils (52% of the fruit weight) comprising 78% juice and 22% seeds [8]). Fruits of wild grown pomegranate are good sources of many, for health benefcial compounds, such as tannins, anthocyanins, phenolic and organic acids [9]. -glucosidase is an enzyme found in the small intestine of the human digestive tract and is involved in the fnal step of digestion of carbohydrates to glucose. People with the in- creased activity of this enzyme sufer from postprandial hy- perglycemia that occurs after eating, when the blood glucose level is above 180 mg/dL. Carbohydrates digestion and ab- sorption slow down with the inhibition of -glucosidase and the increase in the glucose levels after the meal decreases [10-12]. Studies have shown that polyphenolic compounds from fruit are efective -glucosidase inhibitors and able to cause an antihyperglycemic efect. In addition, polyphenolic compounds favonoids, favones, isofavones and antocya- nins show other bioactivities such as the antioxidant efect [13]. The aim of this study was the determination of the anti- oxidant and antihyperglycemic efect of wild grown rosehip and pomegranate fruit extracts, and the determination of the polyphenolic content (total phenols, favonoids, favonols, favan-3-ols and total and monomeric anthocyanins). Experimental Plant material Fully ripe, wiled grown fruits were picked manually in Oc- tober 2019, rosehips (Rosa canina L.) at the locality of Ro- vine, the municipality of Gradiška, and pomegranates (Pu- nica granatum L.) at the locality of Žegulja, the municipality of Stolac. The fruit samples were cleaned from inedible parts, homogenized in an electric mill and stored at -18 ⁰C until analysis. The dry matter content of the fruits was determined according to the standard method [19]. Preparation of the extracts The samples (5 g) were treated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes and were extracted with 80% ethanol for 10 minutes (ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER) UDC 547.565:615.322:616.379-008.64 DOI: 10.5937/savteh2002014L *Author address: Zoran Kukrić, Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, Vojvode Stepe Stepanovića 73, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina E-mail: zoran.kukric@tf.unibl.org The manuscript received: August, 3, 2020. Paper accepted: October, 16, 2020. 9(2) (2020) 14-18