Antibacterial and Phytochemical Evaluation of the crude extract and Fractions of Fagonia cretica. Rumana Saeed 1 , Rashid Iqbal 1 , Hameed Ur Rehman 1 ,Nisar Ahmad 2 , Ihsan ul Haq 1 , Zubia Masood 3 , Salman Khurshid 1 ,Abid Inayat 1 ,and M.Mudasar Aslam 2 * 1 Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan. 2 Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan. 3 Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan. Mudasar_kust@yahoo.com Abstract: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical profile of Fagonia cretica plant to look into possible natural therapy agents. The shade-dried whole plant material of Fagonia cretica was soaked in methanol for 10 days. The powdered drug was extracted with 80 % methanol three times and filtered at room temperature. The filtrate was evaporated in rotary to get a dark-greenish residue (extract), which was further suspended in water and partitioned successively with n-hexane, chloroform, distill water and n-butanol to obtain n-hexane-soluble, chloroform-soluble, distill water-soluble, n-butanol-soluble and aqueous fractions, respectively. Different fractions (chloroform, n-hexane, butanol, water and ethyl acetate) of the plant were tested against various bacterial strains namely E.coli, S.aureus, S.typheae, P.auriginosa.The extracted fractions of the plant exhibit moderate activities showing 9mm to 14mm inhibition against different strains of bacteria as compared to the control, which gave maximum inhibition up to 30mm.The Fagonia cretica was found to be good source of alkaloids, flavonoids, tennins, resins, carbohydrate, starch, proteins, glycosides, coumarin, terponides, steroids and saponine. Anthranol glycosides and starch were absent in the plant. The above results revealed that Fagonia cretica have an excellent anti-bacterial activity and can be used for disease therapy. Key Words; Phytochemical, Antibacterial activity, Fagonia Cretica, Introduction: In past, plants provided a source of motivation for novel medication complexes, as plant-derived remedies made large influences to human health. Their part is two-fold in the progress of new drugs: (1) they may become the plate form for the improvement of a medicine, a natural blue print for the development of new drugs or; (2) a phytomedication to be used for the treatment of syndromes. Customary medicine using plant extracts continues to provide health coverage for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world [1, 2]. Globalization interferes with infectious disease control at the national level while microbes move freely around the world. Human response to infectious diseases is accustomed by jurisdictional boundaries [3]. In recent years, about 43% of the total deaths that happened in the developed countries are due to infective diseases. The search for new effective antimicrobial agents is necessary. Due to the entrance of microbial resistance and manifestation of fatal opportunistic infections. In epidemic areas, resistance against antimicrobial agents has emerged due to recurrent infections [4]. Antibacterial activity of the plant has been verified by numerous researchers [5-7]. The antibacterial activity of medicinal plants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is needed to be done for the identification of candidate plants. Zygophyllaceae is a family of about 25 genera and 240 species and well-known in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate, often in drier areas. Represented by 8 genera and 22 species in Pakistan. It’s an annual or perennial herb. Flowers are perfect and regular; sepals imbricate or valvate, free, persistent or deciduous; petals usually free and imbricate. Disk or nectar glands are either present or absent. The ovary is superior, 2 to 5 or 10-lobed, and fruit capsule is often spiny or tuberculate. It is yearly to biennial to glabrous shrub let. It flowers all over the year, allocated in India, Pakistan, Iran, Sudan, Somalia and Kenya. It is commonly known as Azghakhi, Damiya and Dhaman in KPK, Pakistan. It is used in the treatment of piles, urinary disorders, dysentery, stomach ache, typhoid, cancer and as a blood purifier [8, 9], to release constipation and as a laxative [10]. It is well known in scientific littérateur to be a therapeutic plant. It is used as diuretic, analgesic, antipyretic, antihepatotoxic, antidysentric, antidote, antiseptic, tonic, bitter, antiasthmatic, stimulant, stomachic and antitumor [11]. Material and Methods: Plant Material for Biological Activities: Fresh plants or parts of Fagonia cretica (Fig.1) was collected randomly from district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The taxonomic identity of the plant was determined by qualified plant taxonomist at Botany Department, Kohat University of Science & Technology Rumana Saeed et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol. 6 No.2 Feb 2015 278