RESEARCH ARTICLE A novel miniature hexagonal shape switched pattern and frequency reconfigurable antenna Kavuri Vijaya Chandra 1 | M. Satyanarayana 2 | Krishna T. Battula 1 Department of ECE, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India 2 Department of ECE, JNTUK, Kakinada, India Correspondence Kavuri Vijaya Chandra, ECE Department, JNTUK, Kakinada, India. Email: kavurichandra@gmail.com Summary This proposed work introduces the structure of frequency and pattern reconfigurable patch antenna. This proposed design comprises of a hexagon patch antenna with four oblique slits, two longitudinal and two latitudinal slits. Four PIN diodes are used to enable frequency and pattern reconfiguration in the longitudinal and latitudinal slits. The operating frequencies of the proposed reconfigurable antenna are 4.25, 5.65, 6.8, and 8.2 GHz and have a pattern slope of -30°, 0°, +30°, and 180°. The pattern is reconfigurable in four directions without any servo system. The designed antenna is fabricated, and its performance is proved using quantifications. Experimental results have less than 15% error with the simulated results. This antenna is used for C‐band applications. KEYWORDS frequency and pattern reconfigurable, hexagon patch, oblique slits 1 | INTRODUCTION Antennas along stable frequency and pattern can be utilized for single service. The consequences of multiband radios need multiple antennas. For advanced wireless services, antennas with compact size, reduced interference, and mini- mum and straight forward costs are recommended. Reconfigurable antennas are utilized to achieve these features. Instead of multiple antennas, a single reconfigurable antenna can be used. 1 ‐ 2 Nowadays, composite reconfiguration is deficient in literature in which microstrip patch antenna are able to reconfigure various performance metrics. The pro- posed antenna can change its radiation pattern and frequency. The aggressive nature of the proposed design can take harsh effects on the time‐differing channels. This type of design enhances the spectrum usage. Nowadays, wireless communication systems need advanced ways to bring speed data communication and superior use of frequency spectrum in consonance to user requirement. An auspicious surrogate that achieves this symptom is cognitive radio systems. As per guidelines of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), cognitive radio (CR) means real‐time scanning of the frequency spectrum and inhibits communication described in power, frequency as into averting unhealthy interference to another frequency services. 3,4 Constantine et al 4 commented that for a CR equipment to work properly, it fundamentally follows a series: (a) sensing the channel action, (b) selecting which frequency part is applicable for transmission, (c) communication starts through that channel, and (d) culture from earlier channel action. In a CR system, the empty frequency slots of the frequency spectrum are identified and allocated to other users dynamically. The essential subsystem of CR is the antenna, it should be reconfigurable in performance parameters like polariza- tion, and pattern and frequency depend on the system needs. 5 In Costantic et al, 6 microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches are used in slots and stubs to get frequency reconfiguration. In Nikolaou and Kingsley, 2 filtering Received: 16 May 2019 Revised: 19 July 2019 Accepted: 18 September 2019 DOI: 10.1002/dac.4264 Int J Commun Syst. 2019;e4264. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4264 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac 1 of 8