The Review of Contemporary Scientific and Academic Studies
An International Multidisciplinary Online Journal
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ISSN: 2583-1380 Vol. 2 | Issue 10 | October 2022 Impact Factor: 4.736 (SJIF)
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Significance of the Lotha Nagas’ Folktale of Longlapa
Liyingbeni R Kithan https://doi.org/10.55454/rcsas.2.10.2022.007
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Significance of the Lotha Nagas’ Folktale of Longlapa
Liyingbeni R Kithan (zestyrkithan2015@gmail.com )
Research Scholar, Department of English, William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee The RCSAS (ISSN: 2583-1380) . This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International
License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). Crossref/DOI: https://doi.org/10.55454/rcsas.2.10.2022.007
Abstract: Storytelling has been playing an important part in the Lotha community. The stories are of diverse content
and tone, which involves various elements such as entertainment, education, humanity, and many other purposes. In
this way, the folktales give people a collection of values, beliefs, attitudes, sense of belonging, and open the minds of
people to their immediate surroundings and the world in general. Folktales are the pearls of wisdom or
manifestation of the culture, as their essence contains the shared reminiscences of a tribe. It is also performed to
instigate the audience with the value system and the body of knowledge infatuated and cherished by the oral society.
Stories stand for the way humans explain reality to themselves. In oral cultures, the storyteller’s task is fundamental
in codifying truths which have been painstakingly acquired, and in creating images that reflect the underlying
principle on which such truths are based. Being artistic representations of life, folktales challenge and may even
shock into action while training the mind in the quest for wisdom.
Keywords: Folklore, Folktale of Longlapa, Lotha Society, Oral Tradition
Introduction
Folktales are images of private conduct and public morality, as the storyteller is society’s soul-searcher. The
stories do not present a systematic exposition of dogma or the belief system, but the explanation of morality,
social organization, of knowledge. They only reveal these elements indirectly, as they are dramatic
representations that mirror the ancient and common wisdom of a tribe, which they express in a simple and
down-to-earth fashion, especially through the actions of various characters. Social and moral values are
taught and are absorbed through an emotional involvement in the performance. Oral societies have devised
mechanisms for easy retention or memorization and therefore for easy recall. The great concern is that
knowledge is retrievable because, as Ong states, “what cannot be recalled is wasted.”
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While in a literate
society, books are used to store and spread knowledge, the only means of preserving knowledge in an oral
society is man’s memory, which must be helped to minimize wastage. Some material is learned through
verbatim (‘word for word’) memorization, especially poetry and important formulaic sentences, such as
proverbs. Other materials are stored in memory through simple, general content memorization, the creation
of bold images, and artistic creative techniques and formulae, based on the use of parallelisms, repetitions,
etc.
Folktales, like all oral literature, must be performed. Therefore, Scheub refers to performance as “an
artistically pleasing manner”
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of transmission that involves the whole being, through word, rhythm, and
dance. This “dramatization of values”
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is a phenomenon that leads to socialization, since social standards are
embodied in the hero. This reinforces the ethos on which community life is based.
Folktales are also educational as they sometimes reveal human curiosity about the knowledge of naturally
observable phenomena (e.g., why crabs are flat? How did humans gain supremacy over the creatures? Why
do humans die and snakes regenerate?) And offer simple and imaginative answers to children’s endless
questions. A powerful stimulation of the ‘faculty of imagination in children remains the basis for future
discoveries. According to Levi- Strauss’ structural analysis of myth, “folktales reveal the opposing symbols
used to delimit and better define cosmological and natural oppositions such as earth/sky, male/female,
1
Ong Walter J., Op cit.
2
Scheub,Harlod,The Technique of the Expansible Image in Xhosa NtsomiPerformances.In Researching African Literatures, Vol. 1,
No. 2., 1970.
3
Ibid