Facile in situ Lithiation and Sodiation Observation in TEM Employing MF (M=Li,
Na)
Jae Yeol Park
1
, Joon Ha Chang
1
, Sung Joo Kim
1
, Hyeon Kook Seo
1
and Jong Min Yuk
1
1.
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and
Technology (KAIST), Daejeon and Republic of Korea.
Various techniques were suggested for real time observation of alkali ion (Li and Na) storage into active
materials in transmission electron microscope (TEM). Huang et al. employed a biasing holder for
potentiostatic alkali ion storage [1]. Yuk et al. introduced graphene liquid cell TEM (GLC-TEM) [2-6].
However, the electrochemical holder requires a substantial expense for the holder, and sample
preparation is relative inconvenient. Although GLC-TEM technique provides reducing environment for
alkali ion storage in liquid electrolyte, alkali element amount in GLC is insufficient for complete
reaction [2-6].
Hence, here, we report facile in-situ technique for alkali ion storage employing MF (M = Li, Na). To
prepare TEM samples, active materials and MF are dispersed in ethanol. They are dropped on graphene-
coated Au grid. MF particles easily decomposes by electron beam irradiation generating the alkali
metals [7]. The alkali metals directly react with active materials [8]. The alkali ion storage process into
an active material is well descripted in Figure 1. MF provides sufficient alkali metal for complete
reaction. As example cases, we present lithiation and sodiation of CuS and perform comparison study
between them (Figure 2). CuS experiences displacement reaction in lithiation forming copper dendrite
outside crystalline Li2S matrix. On the other hand, it forms Cu/Na2S composite with uniformly
distributed Cu in Na2S matrix (Figure 2).
We believe this work provides invaluable insights for studying in-situ alkali ion storage mechanism into
various active materials with the facile method [9].
References:
[1] JY Huang et al., Science 10 (2010), p. 1515.
[2] JM Yuk et al., ACS Nano 8 (2014), p. 7478.
[3] JH Chang et al., ACS Omega 2 (2017), p. 6329.
[4] JY Cheong et al., Nano Energy 25 (2016), p. 154.
[5] JY Cheong et al., Microscopy and Microanalysis 23 (2017), p. 1107.
[6] JH Chang et al., Journal of Visualized Experiments (2019), e58676.
[7] J Ghatak et al., Nanoscale 4 (2012), p.1754.
[8] JY Park et al., Nature Communications 9 (2018), p. 922.
[9] This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the
Korea government (MSIP; Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (NRF-2018R1C1B6002624),
which provided support for graphene growth and TEM sample preparation; NRF grant funded by Korea
government (MSIP; Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (NRF-2018M3A7B4065625), which
provided support for electrode materials preparation; Nano·Material Technology Development Program
through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and
Future Planning (2009-0082580), which provided support for TEM characterization; J.Y.P specially
1860
doi:10.1017/S1431927619010031
Microsc. Microanal. 25 (Suppl 2), 2019
© Microscopy Society of America 2019
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619010031
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