Citation: Zambry, N.S.; Ahmad Najib, M.; Awang, M.S.; Selvam, K.; Khalid, M.F.; Bustami, Y.; Hamzah, H.H.; Ozsoz, M.; Abd Manaf, A.; Aziah, I. Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Salmonella: A Scoping Review. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ diagnostics12123186 Academic Editor: Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz Received: 5 October 2022 Accepted: 14 December 2022 Published: 16 December 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). diagnostics Review Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Salmonella: A Scoping Review Nor Syafirah Zambry 1 , Mohamad Ahmad Najib 1 , Mohd Syafiq Awang 2 , Kasturi Selvam 1 , Muhammad Fazli Khalid 1 , Yazmin Bustami 3 , Hairul Hisham Hamzah 4 , Mehmet Ozsoz 1,5 , Asrulnizam Abd Manaf 2, * and Ismail Aziah 1, * 1 Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia 2 Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), Sains@USM, Level 1, Block C, No. 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4 School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Turkey * Correspondence: eeasrulnizam@usm.my (A.A.M.); aziahismail@usm.my (I.A.) Abstract: The development of rapid, accurate, and efficient detection methods for Salmonella can significantly control the outbreak of salmonellosis that threatens global public health. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of the microbiological, nucleic-acid, and immunological-based methods, they are impractical for detecting samples outside of the laboratory due to the requirement for skilled individuals and sophisticated bench-top equipment. Ideally, an electrochemical biosensor could overcome the limitations of these detection methods since it offers simplicity for the detection process, on-site quantitative analysis, rapid detection time, high sensitivity, and portability. The present scoping review aims to assess the current trends in electrochemical aptasensors to detect and quantify Salmonella. This review was conducted according to the latest Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A literature search was performed using aptamer and Salmonella keywords in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Springer. Studies on electrochemical aptasensors for detecting Salmonella published between January 2014 and January 2022 were retrieved. Of the 787 studies recorded in the search, 29 studies were screened for eligibility, and 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved for this review. Information on the Salmonella serovars, targets, samples, sensor specification, platform technologies for fabrication, electrochemical detection methods, limit of detection (LoD), and detection time was discussed to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of the developed electrochemical aptasensor platform for the detection of Salmonella. The reported electrochemical aptasensors were mainly developed to detect Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in chicken meat samples. Most of the developed electrochemical aptasensors were fabricated using conventional electrodes (13 studies) rather than screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) (two studies). The developed aptasensors showed LoD ranges from 550 CFU/mL to as low as 1 CFU/mL within 5 min to 240 min of detection time. The promising detection performance of the electrochemical aptasensor highlights its potential as an excellent alternative to the existing detection methods. Nonetheless, more research is required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the electrochemical sensing platform for Salmonella detection, particularly in human clinical samples, to enable their future use in clinical practice. Keywords: Salmonella; foodborne disease; electrochemical aptasensor; detection; scoping review 1. Introduction Salmonella is a significant pathogenic bacteria that causes major foodborne disease in humans and animals, called salmonellosis [1–3]. The Salmonella genus is classified into Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3186. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123186 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics