TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 16 December 2022 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2022.1049817 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Xun Wang, Sichuan Agricultural University, China REVIEWED BY Leyla Rios, Mississippi State University, United States Sabreen Ezzat Fadl, Matrouh University, Egypt *CORRESPONDENCE Ibrahim F. Rehan ibrahim.rehan@vet.menofia.edu.eg František Zigo frantisek.zigo@uvlf.sk SPECIALTY SECTION This article was submitted to Animal Nutrition and Metabolism, a section of the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science RECEIVED 21 September 2022 ACCEPTED 11 November 2022 PUBLISHED 16 December 2022 CITATION Kamal Z, Ebnalwaled AA, Al-Amgad Z, Said AH, Metwally AA, Zigo F, Ondrašovi ˇ cová S and Rehan IF (2022) Ameliorative effect of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using garlic extract on the body weight and developmental toxicity of liver in albino rats compared with chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Front. Vet. Sci. 9:1049817. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1049817 COPYRIGHT © 2022 Kamal, Ebnalwaled, Al-Amgad, Said, Metwally, Zigo, Ondrašovi ˇ cová and Rehan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Ameliorative effect of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using garlic extract on the body weight and developmental toxicity of liver in albino rats compared with chemically synthesized nanoparticles Zeinab Kamal 1 , A. A. Ebnalwaled 2 , Zeinab Al-Amgad 3 , Alaa H. Said 2 , Asmaa A. Metwally 4 , František Zigo 5 *, Silvia Ondrašovi ˇ cová 6 and Ibrahim F. Rehan 7,8 * 1 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, 2 Electronic and Nano Devise Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, 3 General Authority for Veterinary Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, 4 Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt, 5 Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia, 6 Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia, 7 Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt, 8 Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya-shi, Japan The application of metallic nanoparticles poses risks to human and animal health. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are the most commonly synthesized metallic oxides in the world. Exposure to TiO 2 NPs can cause toxicity in the target organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of green and chemical TiO 2 NPs on maternal and embryo-fetal livers. Green TiO 2 NPs using garlic extract (GTiO 2 NPs) and chemical TiO 2 NPs (CHTiO 2 NPs) were synthesized and characterized by x-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity of both chemical and green TiO 2 NPs was determined against HepG 2 cell lines. Fifty pregnant female Albino rats were equally and randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 was kept as a control. Groups 2 and 3 were orally treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight of CHTiO 2 NPs, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were orally treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg of GTiO 2 NPs, respectively, from day 6 to 19 of gestation. All dams were euthanized on gestation day 20. All live fetuses were weighed and euthanized. Blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and Bax-immunohistochemical expression analyses. Our results indicated that garlic could be used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of TiO 2 NPs, and the produced NPs have no toxic effect against HepG 2 cells compared with CHTiO 2 NPs. The maternal and fetal bodyweights were greatly reduced among the chemically TiO 2 NPs induced Frontiers in Veterinary Science 01 frontiersin.org