Santosh Narayan Chadar* 1 , Keerti Chadar 2 and Manju Singh 1 1 Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Technology, India 2 Department of Education, Barkatullah Vishwavidyalaya, India *Corresponding author: Santosh Narayan Chadar, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Technology - RGPV Bhopal, India. Submission: March 08, 2018; Published: September 19, 2018 Composting as an Eco-Friendly Method to Recycle Organic Waste Introduction Composting of waste involves decomposition of organic waste into humus known as a fertilizer. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. Compost is rich in nutrients. Traditional method of composting involves making the heaps of wet organic matter as leaves, food waste, kitchen waste, paper shredded, mixed with grass cuttings, industrial waste as food pulp and paper, sewage sludge, yard and garden waste etc. and waiting till the material gets converted into humus. It is a time-consuming process. It takes few months to get ready. Whereas the modern method of composting involves various steps and the compost is obtained within 2-3weeks. In this method the process is closely monitored [2], proper aeration is maintained. As per need water, air, carbon, and nitrogen rich material is used which enhance the process of humus formation by producing heat. Worms, fungi, bacteria, are breaking the material. All these factors help in humus formation positively. Composting is enhancing soil fertility as it acts as a soil conditioner, fertilizer, natural pesticides. The heat produced during composting destroys pathogens, the disease-causing microorganism and weed seeds [3]. Types of Composting Aerobic composting The composting which take place in presence of oxygen is called aerobic composting. In aerobic composting CO 2 , water, heat, and NH 3 are produced. Any type of waste can be treated by this method when proper ingredients and conditions are present [4]. Anaerobic composting The composting which takes place in absence of O 2 , Methane, CO 2 , NH 3 and trace amount of other gases and organic acids are produced. This method is used to treat municipal solid waste, animal manure, and human sewage sludge [5]. Techniques Involved in Composting Industrial scale composting process It consists of the methods by which the compost is produced in large amount such as In-vessel composting, aerated static pile composting, vermicomposting and windrow composting. Vermicomposting: In this method, the red wiggler earthworm or red worm are used, also known as tiger worms. These worms’ feeds on vegetable waste and kitchen scraps. They transform this waste material into highly fertile manure. Moisture contents should be maintained properly as it should not harm worms. Maintain 50-77degree Celsius temperature because at this stage the worms are at their decomposing peak [6]. Aerated static pile: Also termed as tunnel composting. It is controlled process for the fast biodegradation of organic matter. It refers to a number of systems used to biodegrade organic material without physical Research Article 252 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Santosh Narayan Chadar. Volume - 2 Issue - 5 Progress in Petrochemical Science C CRIMSON PUBLISHERS Wings to the Research ISSN 2637-8035 Abstract Recycling organic matter back into the soil to improve soil structure and fertility is termed composting. It is the method for treating waste. Sanitary landfills, dumping of waste in open leads to various environmental problems and cause pollution. Composting is a method by which stabilization of waste is done for land filling, mass reduction of solid waste is done and hence in this way the waste return to the natural cycle as an organic substance. This paper reviews the information regarding the waste treating process i.e., composting in order to reduce air, water and land pollution and enhance soil fertility, it also reviews the benefits of composting and the techniques involved in it [1]. Keywords: Composting; Municipal solid waste; Pollution; Landfills; Aerobic composting; Anaerobic composting; Vermicomposting; Windrow composting