Український журнал медицини, біології та спорту – 2023 – Том 8, № 1 (41) Медичні науки DOI: 10.26693/jmbs08.01.202 UDC 613.4:616.379-008.64-053.2 Sheshukova O. V., Kuz I. O., Bauman S. S., Kazakova K. S., Mosiienko A. S., Polishchuk T. V., Trufanova V. P. Evaluation of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Indices of 6–14-Year-Old Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine The purpose of the study was to evaluate oral hygiene and periodontal indices in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. 258 children aged 6-14 years were examined, including 129 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 129 children with- out concomitant somatic diseases. All patients were divided into four subgroups according to the presence of gingivitis. We determined the oral hygiene index-simpli- fed (according to Green, Vermillion, 1964), the pap- illary-marginal-alveolar index in Parma modifcation (1960), the gingival index according to Loe, Sillness (1967). The t-test for paired samples was used to compare values. The diference was considered sta- tistically signifcant at p<0.05. Results and discussion. The worst level of oral hygiene was in group of children with type 1 diabe- tes mellitus and chronic catarrhal gingivitis because gum bleeding and pain in gums in these children did not allow them to make full eforts and carry out oral hygiene well. Our research showed a statistically signifcant diference between the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and control group in accordance with periodontal indices. Children with diabetes melli- tus had the highest values of periodontal indices. The infammatory processes in the tissues of periodontium in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are expand- ed, so it is very important to recognize them and diag- nose them as early as possible. Periodontal indices in patients of the youngest age subgroup, namely, both the group of patients with diabetes mellitus and the group of children without so- matic pathologies were the lowest. The totality of data on periodontal indices in children with chronic catarrh- al gingivitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus indicated an average degree of severity of gingivitis, namely, the papillary-marginal-alveolar index was 42.77 ± 1.31%, the gingival index was 1.81 ± 0.05 points. Protective mechanisms in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are changed. Children with this endocrine illness sufer from swelling of the gums and have extreme gum bleeding along with the de- velopment of the main endocrinological disease com- pared to healthy patients of the same age. According to the results we obtained, we believe that screenings of the oral cavity and preventive pro- grams should emphasize the importance of early di- agnosis of gingivitis and periodontitis even during the milk and mixed bite period, particularly in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Children with type 1 diabetes mel- litus had a worse state of oral hygiene than healthy children. Children with diabetes mellitus had gum bleeding both during the period of temporary bite, and during the period of mixed bite. Keywords: gingivitis, children, diabetes mellitus, oral fuid, oral hygiene index. Connection of the study with scientifc pro- grams, plans, topics. The study is conducted in ac- cordance with the plan of research work of the Poltava State Medical University “Improvement of forecasting, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of dental and periodontal diseases in children taking into account exogenous and endogenous risk factors”, State regis- tration number 0122U000204. Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an au- toimmune disease in individuals who have a genetic predisposition to it, which leads to the destruction of β-cells of the pancreas with the subsequent develop- ment of absolute insulin defciency. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood due to a def- ciency of insulin [1, 2, 3]. Research data indicate that children and adoles- cents make up 8–10% of all patients with type 1 DM [3, 4]. The majority of patients have dental manifes- tations of DM, and some scientists indicate 100% damage to the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. The presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is the main risk factor for the occurrence of infammato- ry periodontal diseases. Children with this endocrine pathology are characterized by the following features: forced frequent eating; violation of self-cleaning pro- cesses in the oral cavity; reducing the resistance of the macroorganism and local protective factors; dis- turbances in the system of oral homeostasis caused by changes in the regulatory, secretory, protective, excretory, mineralizing and digestive functions of the 202