Original Research Article Folia Primatol 2018;89:123–137 DOI: 10.1159/000486673 Behaviour and Ecology of Male Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis ) in the Kianjavato Classified Forest, South-Eastern Madagascar Doménico Roger Randimbiharinirina a Brigitte M. Raharivololona a Melissa T.R. Hawkins b Cynthia L. Frasier b Ryan R. Culligan b Timothy M. Sefczek c Richard Randriamampionona d Edward E. Louis Jr. b, d a Mention Anthropobiologie et Développement Durable, Domaine Sciences et Technologie, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar; b Bill and Berniece Grewcock Center for Conservation and Research, Department of Conservation Genetics, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, NE, USA; c Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; d Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership, Manakambahiny, Antananarivo, Madagascar Keywords Activity budget · Diet · Home range · Nocturnal strepsirrhines · Primate · Territory Abstract Previous studies found that aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) consume a variety of non-invertebrate resources, supporting the hypothesis that aye-ayes are too large-bodied to focus feeding efforts on insects. However, these conclusions were based on introduced populations, with little known about aye-aye behaviour and ecology in its natural habitat. This study investigates activity budgets, diet, and home range/terri- tories of 2 male aye-ayes in the Kianjavato Classified Forest, a disturbed forest in south- eastern Madagascar, from October 2013 to October 2014. We used radiotelemetry and focal-animal sampling methods to collect behavioural data. We recorded GPS coordi- nates of the focal animal every 20 min, calculating the home range size for each indi- vidual. Results showed that male aye-ayes spent most of their time feeding and travel- ling. Their feeding time primarily focussed on larvae and adult insects from various substrates, and to a lesser extent Canarium spp. seeds. Home range sizes of the 2 males varied between individuals, overlapped greatly, and appeared to be related to the loca- tion of females. Our findings indicate that aye-aye behaviours are strongly indicative of insect-centric feeding ecology. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel Received: January 4, 2017 Accepted: November 10, 2017 Published online: March 27, 2018 Edward E. Louis Jr. Bill and Berniece Grewcock Center for Conservation and Research, Department of Conservation Genetics Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium 3701 South 10th Street, Omaha, NE 68107 (USA) E-Mail genetics @omahazoo.com © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/fpr E-Mail karger@karger.com