IJARCCE ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 ISSN (Print) 2319-5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 9, Issue 6, June 2020 Copyright to IJARCCE DOI 10.17148/IJARCCE.2020.9619 112 Availability and Integration Of E-Health Technologies in Routine Service Delivery in Western Kenya ONDULO Jasper 1 , ADUDA Dickens 2 , RAMBIM Dorothy 1 Department of Computer Science, School of Computing and informatics Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya 1 School of Health Sciences & Center for Research, Innovation and Technology, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya 2 Corresponding author: Jasper Ondulo. Abstract: Globally, ICT has emerged as a critical enabling-tool to achieve effective facilitation, monitoring and management of service delivery. As governments accept, adopt and move to invest in e-health implementation, there is need to evaluate and understand the state of adoption, the process and impacts at different stages of implementation. In Kenya, eHealth Policy (2016-2030) envisions progressive sustainable adoption, implementation and efficient use of eHealth products and services at all levels of healthcare delivery. The study explored e-health services availability by type and level of implementation to support service delivery at level 3 and 4 healthcare facilities. The presentation is based on data derived from literature review; triangulated with empirical data on e-Health implementation collected during a survey of three county referral hospitals, in western Kenya. The facilities lacked enough technologies in place; poor technological infrastructure, if not wholly lacking and low computer to task ratio. There were significant barriers to e-health implementation; notably, not enough skilled e-health practitioners to drive the implementation process. However, Kenyan government, through Health Policy and with the support of donor community partnership, seek to strengthen and accelerate integration of ICTs into healthcare system and health outcomes. Keywords: E-Health Services availability, Utilization, Level of Integration, Service Delivery. I. BACKGROUND Worldwide, the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to support health services has grown rapidly since the last two decades. The fifty-eighth session of the World Health Assembly [1] adopted resolution WHA 58.28 on e-Health, recognizing its strategic potential to trigger rapid growth and reforms in the health sector, which is essential towards realizing the post-2015 agenda for health. The World Health Organization [2] defined e-Health as “the secure and cost effective transmission and exchange of health data and information either locally or at a distance”, capturing a view of a basic functionality. Modern ICTs contribute to improved healthcare outcomes in a number of ways. Countries may nonetheless prioritize only some of the eHealth solutions to help address specific strategic health policy initiatives. These may include: i) mHealth to support distant healthcare and monitoring to address equity issues in health coverage; ii) eLearning for remote or virtual training of healthcare workers to address competencies and skills gap; iii) electronic health records to improve availability of quality health information for decision-making in a timely and efficient manner; iv) telehealth to improve availability of specialized interventions to address access to specialized care [3]. Scaled up implementation of ICT solutions to support e-health is thus considered critical towards realizing universal health coverage especially by way of enabling more comprehensive and coherent health systems improvement interventions, management and monitoring [4; 5] Whereas since 2005 just about half 58% of the WHO member countries have developed eHealth policies, recent studies [6; 7] have shown important broad-level challenges that continue to dog implementation of these strategies both at national and subnational levels. Economic affordability for initial investments and sustainable implementation continue to pose enormous challenges to its full implementation. However, few studies have evaluated sub-national and unit-level implementation experiences and how, amidst the existing challenges, institutions are adapting and the nature of these adaptations in relation to their effect on eHealth effectiveness on set health goals. To a large extent, the context of eHealth implementation programs in the developing countries is characterized by widespread multi-level disparities. These are thought to impact disproportionately on the health systems improvement interventions as well as their uptake [8; 9]. Therefore, efforts to harness and integrate eHealth operations into the health systems require inter-sectoral collaboration, commitment and strategic planning focused on: i) building the physical