Copyright © 2023 The Author(s); Published by Nickan Research Institute. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Immunopathol Persa. 2023;x(x):e39462 Original Evaluation of clinical and para-clinical parameters related to disease severity and mortality in patients with influenza in Isfahan, Iran; a cross sectional study Kiana Shirani 1* ID , Elham Honarjou 1 , Behrooz Ataei 1 , Sodabeh Rostami 2 ID , Zary Nokhodian 2 ID , Manijeh Shams 3 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3 Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Immunopathologia Persa http immunopathol.com *Correspondence to Kiana Shirani, Email: shirani.kiana@gmail.com, kianashirani@med.mui.ac.ir Received 29 Nov. 2022 Accepted 26 Jan. 2023 Published online 9 Feb. 2023 Keywords: Influenza, Epidemiology, Clinical findings, Para-clinical findings Introduction: Managing influenza (flu) due to its rapid transmission is a considerable challenge for the health system. Considering the variety of clinical symptoms in influenza and recognizing its symptoms in different conditions of patients can be effective in its management. Objectives: In the present cross-sectional study, we evaluate the relationship between clinical and para-clinical findings and the treatment measures observed at the time of hospitalization of influenza patients and their conditions at the time of discharge from the hospital. Patients and Methods: Our investigation was conducted from March 2019 to March 2021 in Alzahra hospital of Isfahan, Iran. The research population included influenza patients admitted to the infectious ward. Results: A total of 122 hospitalized influenza patients (n=122) were included in this research. The number of patients with influenza A and B was 44 and 78, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the type of influenza and the patient’s condition upon discharge (P = 0.001). Influenza vaccination (P < 0.001), diabetes (P = 0.038), and cardiovascular disease (P = 0.004) were significantly associated with the patient’s condition at discharge. According to our investigation, among the drugs used, oseltamivir significantly reduced mortality in patients receiving it (P < <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the variables of all chest radiology and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the length of hospital stay (P = 0.001), the number of white blood cells (P = 0.001), the number of platelets (P = 0.006), and the amount of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001) with the patient’s condition upon discharge. Conclusion: Among the comorbidities studied, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with mortality in patients with influenza. Vaccination significantly reduces mortality from influenza in high-risk patients. The antiviral drug oseltamivir is recommended as a useful drug for patients with the influenza. However, a multi-center study with larger sample size is necessary for a more conclusive result. Abstract Citation: Shirani K, Honarjou E, Ataei B, Rostami S, Nokhodian Z, Shams M. Evaluation of clinical and para-clinical parameters related to disease severity and mortality in patients with influenza in Isfahan, Iran; a cross sectional study. Immunopathol Persa. 2023;x(x):e39462. DOI:10.34172/ ipp.2023.39462. Introduction Managing influenza (flu) is a serious challenge for the health system due to its rapid transmission. Severe influenza species affect 3-5 million people worldwide annually, leading to significant mortality in pandemic conditions (1). Some epidemiological studies have reported more than 600 000 deaths per year due to respiratory involvement (2). Influenza mortality is mainly seen in high-risk groups such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and patients with comorbidities (3). Influenza viruses (IVs) are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family (4). There are four main types of IV, labeled IV A, B, C, and D. Birds are the main source of IV A, which can be transmitted to humans. Similarly, IV B and C first affect humans, and IV D Key point Lower respiratory infections due to influenza are the main cause of mortality in low-income countries annually. Some populations are more vulnerable to influenza, either because they have a greater risk of developing severe disease or they have a greater risk of exposure, such as pregnant women, health workers, people over the age of 65 years, children from 6-59 months, and people with chronic health conditions such as diabetes, HIV, asthma, heart or lung disease. first appears in pigs and cattle. Circulation of IV A and B in humans is associated with considerable seasonal epidemics or pandemics; IV C is usually associated with moderate infections in children; and IV D does not cause any considerable disease in humans (5,6). The most important feature of IV is its rapid evolution that leads to its DOI:10.34172/ipp.2023.39462