Citation: Tuncer, B.; Aktas, G.; Baris Guncu, M.; Deniz, D.; Muhtarogullari, M.; Al-Haj Husain, N.; Özcan, M. Effects of Surface Treatments and Cement Type on Shear Bond Strength between Titanium Alloy and All-Ceramic Materials. Materials 2023, 16, 6240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma16186240 Academic Editor: Bongju Kim Received: 7 July 2023 Revised: 31 July 2023 Accepted: 2 August 2023 Published: 15 September 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). materials Article Effects of Surface Treatments and Cement Type on Shear Bond Strength between Titanium Alloy and All-Ceramic Materials Berkcan Tuncer 1, *, Guliz Aktas 2 , Mustafa Baris Guncu 2 , Diler Deniz 2 , Mehmet Muhtarogullari 2 , Nadin Al-Haj Husain 3,4 and Mutlu Özcan 3, * 1 Private Practitioner, Ankara 06100, Turkey 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; dtgulizaktas@gmail.com (G.A.); barisguncu@gmail.com (M.B.G.); cetin_diler@hotmail.com (D.D.); mmuhtar@hotmail.com (M.M.) 3 Clinic of Chewing Function Disturbances and Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; nalhaj88@gmail.com 4 Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland * Correspondence: dttuncerb@gmail.com (B.T.); mutluozcan@hotmail.com (M.Ö.); Tel.: +90-3123052240 (B.T.) Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of surface treatments and resin cement on the ad- hesion of ceramic and ceramic-like materials to titanium. A total of 40 specimens (5 mm diameter) of each material (lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC—IPS e.maxCAD), lithium silicate glass ceramic (LSGC—VITA Suprinity) and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN—Vita Enamic)) were fabricated using CAD/CAM technologies. In total, 120 titanium (Ti) specimens were divided into 12 groups, and half of the titanium specimens were tribochemically coated using CoJet. The titanium and all-ceramic specimens were cemented using either Self-curing adhesive cement (SCAC—Panavia 21) or a Self-curing luting composite (SCLC—Multilink Hybrid Abutment). After 5000 cycles of thermal aging, the shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted using a universal testing machine. The failure modes of the specimens were analyzed using stereomicroscopy, and additionally, the representative specimens were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The post-hoc Duncan test was used to determine significant differences between the groups. The mean SBS values (mean ± STD) ranged from 15 ± 2 MPa to 29 ± 6 MPa. Significantly higher SBS values were acquired when the titanium surface was tribo- chemically coated (p < 0.05). The SCLC showed higher SBS values compared to the SCAC. While the LDGC showed the highest SBS values, the PICN presented the lowest. The tribochemical coating on the cementation surfaces of the titanium increased the SBS values. The specimens cemented with the SCLC showed higher SBS values than those with the SCAC. Additionally, the SCLC cement revealed a more significant increase in SBS values when used with the LDGC. The material used for restoration has a high impact on SBS than those of the cement and surface conditioning. Keywords: aging; air abrasion; ceramic; dental materials; polymer-infiltrated ceramic network; prosthodontics; shear bond strength; titanium alloy 1. Introduction With increasing patient demand for metal-free restorations, different all-ceramic and ceramic-like materials represent an option due to their perfect aesthetics, biocompatibility, and low thermal conductivity [1,2]. To date, various ceramic systems, materials, and techniques have been developed to produce CAD/CAM crowns. Monolithic all-ceramic materials are frequently preferred, as they show pleasing aesthetics, marginal integrity, and fracture strength and solve concerns regarding veneer ceramics [2–4]. Such materials may also be suitable for dental implant restorations and alternative core or zirconia-based ceramic veneer restorations [5]. Materials 2023, 16, 6240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186240 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials