PROCEEDINGS of the
24th International Congress on Acoustics
October 24 to 28, 2022 in Gyeongju, Korea
ABS-0764
Detection and classification of soundmarks and special features in
urban areas
Margret Sibylle ENGEL
1
; André FIEBIG
2
1
University of Salford, United Kingdom
2
Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
ABSTRACT
Soundmarks started to be investigated in the 1970s by the composer Murray Schafer. The term was created
based on association with landmarks, referring to community sound with specific qualities linked to a
geographical area. The identification of soundmarks is significant due to anthropological reasons, as those
sounds make the community's acoustic life unique. They deserve to be protected, reinforcing the
anthropological characteristics of a community, and enriching the soundscape. The present work aims to
systematically collect data on reported soundmarks in different urban scenarios in the German city of Aachen.
The classification considers perceptual parameters [sound qualities, emotions, and memories composites],
socio-cultural aspects, and objective parameters, such as acoustic and psychoacoustic indicators of the
corresponding reported soundmarks.
Keywords: Keynotes, Sound Signals, Soundmarks, Soundscape
1. INTRODUCTION
Murray Schafer developed the first taxonomy defined for the classification of sound sources at the
end of the 1970s. According to Schafer [1], the sound sources in a soundscape are subdivided into
keynote sounds, signals and soundmarks. Keynote sounds are not listened to consciously. Even so,
their influence on our behaviour and moods is likely [1]. They are mainly related to geography, climate
and natural sounds, e.g., water, wind, forests, plains, birds, insects and animals or the pervasive
cacophonous din of anthropogenic sounds like omnipresent traffic noise. Signals are foreground
sounds and are listened to consciously, like acoustic warnings, are code permitting sounds, e.g., church
bells, alarms, sirens, etc. Soundmarks are unique community sounds with special qualities that are
perceived by the people in that community [1].
As requested by Schafer and other authors, this study aims to define new sound source classifiers
and apply the suggested taxonomy to perceived sound sources in Aachen, Germany taking into account
special features. Additionally, other soundscape qualities, acoustic and psychoacoustic indicators and
socio-cultural characteristics of the respondents are analysed.
1
m.engel@salford.ac.uk
2
andre.fiebig@tu-berlin.de