Magnitude and Associated Factors of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women
who Attend Antenatal Care Service in Public Health Institutions in Arba Minch
Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2016
Mulugeta Shegaze
*1
, Yohannes Markos
2
, Wubeshet Estifaons
1
, Iyasu Taye
1
, Erkihun Gemeda
1
, Tigist Gezahegn
1
, Gezahegn Urmale
1
and Weynishet G Tsadik
1
1
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
2
Department of Medical Physiology, Jimma University, Ethiopia
*
Corresponding author: Mulugeta Shegaze, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch, SNNPR, Ethiopia, Tel: +251913828464; E-
mail: mulsheg@yahoo.com
Received date: November 30, 2016; Accepted date: December 26, 2016; Published date: December 31, 2016
Copyright: © 2016 Shegaze M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Background: Hypertensive disorders of Pregnancy are the major complications that cause about 60% to 80% of
all maternal deaths. Preeclamcia is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that had caused maternal mortalities
and morbidities all round the world.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated to preeclampsia among pregnant women attending
antenatal care service.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 10 to February 09, 2016 among pregnant women
who followed anti natal care at public health institutions in Arba Minch town. The study included 422 pregnant
women who were selected using systematic random sampling. Semi-structured questionnaire was employed to
collect data. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Result: The prevalence of preeclampsia was 18.25%. The associated factors of preeclampsia were change of
paternity: 4.08 (AOR=4.08; 95% CI: (1.17-14.266)), family history of hypertension: 3.52 (AOR=3.52; 95% CI:
(1.31-9.45)) and alcohol use: 8.06 (AOR=8.06; 95% CI: (2.3-28.5)).
Conclusion and recommendation: The finding of this study showed that considerable proportion of women had
preeclampsia (18.25%). The study showed that different factors affect the occurrence of hypertension during
pregnancy. It is important to give health education in order to make the women develop health seeking behavior so
that they would get a chance to be diagnosed of preeclampsia as early as possible.
Keywords: Preeclampsia; Associated factors; Antenatal care
Abbreviations: AMU: Arba Minch University; DM: Diabetes
Mellitus; EDHS: Ethiopia Demography HealthSurvey; FP: Family
Planning; HNP: Hypertension SNNPR: South Nation Nationality
People Region
Background
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) are one of the fve
major complications that cause about 60% to 80% of all maternal
deaths [1]. Studies indicate that HDP is the main cause for maternal
mortality and morbidity all round the world [2,3]. Te latest
classifcation system which is used for the classifcation of blood
pressure among pregnant categorizes HDP into fve classes:
Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Transient Hypertension of pregnancy,
Chronic Hypertension and Preeclampsia superimposed on Chronic
Hypertension [4]. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy induced hypertension
that causes considerable rise in proteinuria [1].
Investigations revealed that preeclampsia is a predisposing factor for
several potentially lethal complications. Placental abruption,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, intracranial hemorrhage,
hepatic failure, acute renal failure and cardiovascular collapse,
intrauterine fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise and
prematurity appear to be the major lethal obstetric problems that result
from preeclamcia [5-9]. Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of
maternal mortality and morbidity among pregnant women in the
world. Te incidence of the disease shows discrepancy among diferent
populations of the world [10].
Te American High Blood Pressure Education Program Working
Group report indicates that about 30% of HDP in that country were
due to chronic hypertension while 70% of the cases were preeclampsia
[5]. Similarly, World Health Organization (WHO) estimate of 2010
indicated that death due to preeclampsia among mothers in Latin-
American and Caribbean countries was 25.7%, where as it was 9.1% in
Asian and African countries [10,11]. It is also expected that
underdeveloped countries are more prone to the problem than
developed countries.
Studies indicate that there are several risk factors for preeclamcia.
Null-parity, extreme ages, race (being black) are some to mention
[12-14]. Underdeveloped countries like Ethiopia face worse
complications of the problem than the developed ones. Poor
Shegaze et al., Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale) 2016, 6:12
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0932.1000419
Research Article OMICS International
Gynecol Obstet (Sunnyvale), an open access journal
ISSN:2161-0932
Volume 6 • Issue 12 • 1000419
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ISSN: 2161-0932
Gynecology & Obstetrics