COMMENTARY
614
Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 57(8) May 2014 doi:10.1002/jaal.301 © 2014 International Reading Association (pp. 614–623)
Disciplinary Literacy
ADAPT NOT ADOPT
Victoria Gillis
This article argues that all teachers are NOT reading teachers, nor
should they be. Adapt rather than adopt is the approach suggested,
with examples of adaptations provided.
R
ecently, I was reading online and came
across an item titled “All teachers are liter-
acy teachers under common core” (ASCD,
April 17, 2013). My first thought was, “Oh, no – not
again. We can’t go back there!” The “back there” to
which I refer is the quicksand of “every teacher a
teacher of reading.” This notion, dating from the early
part of the previous century, has hobbled our efforts to
improve adolescent literacy for more than 75 years.
Every teacher is not a teacher of reading. This may
seem like anathema to readers of JAAL, but if we are
to make a difference in adolescent literacy, we have to
approach the problem in a different way (Moje, 2008).
Albert Einstein said, “The definition of insanity is do-
ing the same thing over and over again and expecting
a different result,” which, it seems to me, is what we’ve
been doing in adolescent literacy for far too long.
Secondary teachers are experts in specific
disciplines, and as such have no desire, let alone
sufficient knowledge, to
teach literacy (Moje,
2008; Ridgeway, 2004).
Although literacy pro-
fessionals may not
mean to turn science or
history or mathematics
teachers into reading
teachers, this is what
secondary teachers hear when we say, “every teacher
a teacher of reading.” This sort of pronouncement
just turns secondary teachers against ideas that, when
implemented, can improve student learning and
their literacy simultaneously. I know whereof I speak
because 40 years ago, I was one of those content area
teachers forced against my will to attend a “reading
meeting.” I wrote about this in a First Person piece
several years ago (Ridgeway, 2004); suffice it to say, I
was opposed to being told by a reading person how to
teach science. It was in my attempt to show the read-
ing supervisor that she could not tell me how to teach
science that I discovered the power in appropriate
disciplinary literacy practices in science, such as ex-
plicitly linking data (evidence) to inferences and con-
clusions, focusing on multimodal reading, and
attending to vocabulary. These practices turned my
unmotivated junior high students into engaged learn-
ers and solved classroom management problems at
the same time. The key, as in many parts of life, was
in how I envisioned literacy instruction in my
classroom.
Initially, literacy never crossed my mind;
instead, I was trying ideas that might improve stu-
dents’ learning in science. I did “think alouds” as I
read diagrams and text before they were assigned; I
did not assign every page because some passages
were so poorly written that I directed my students to
skip them and read the diagrams instead; I assigned
Victoria Gillis is a Professor and
Wyoming Excellence in Education
Literacy Chair at the University of
Wyoming, Laramie, USA; e-mail
victoria.gillis@gmail.com.