Design and Implementation of MAB Based Power Consumption Optimization Method on Bluetooth Low Energy Minoru Fujisawa 1 , Hiroyuki Yasuda 1,2 , Ryosuke Isogai 3 , Yoshifumi Yoshida 3 Aohan Li 1,4 , Song-Ju Kim 1,5 , and Mikio Hasegawa 1 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science 6–3–1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan 2 Graduate Schools for Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo 7–3–1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan 3 SEIKO FUTURE CREATION INC. 563, Takatsukashinden, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, 270-2222, Japan 4 Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications 1–5–1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan 5 SOBIN Institute LLC. 3–38–7 Keyakizaka, Kawanishi, Hyogo, 666-0145, Japan Email: 4322542@ed.tus.ac.jp, yasuda@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp, ryosuke.isogai@seiko-sfc.co.jp, yoshifumi.yoshida@seiko-sfc.co.jp, aohanli@ieee.org, kim@sobin.org, hasegawa@ee.kagu.tus.ac.jp Abstract— In recent years, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has been applied to various IoT applications due to the widespread use of Bluetooth-enabled devices and their low power consumption performance. However, most IoT ap- plications have a limited battery life due to the convenience of being powered by batteries, and further low power con- sumption is important to further extend it. Previously, we proposed an efficient parameter optimization method based on the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) algorithm, which con- siders the wireless environment and selects the appropriate number of channels and advertising intervals. In this paper, we implemented the proposed method on an actual BLE device and evaluated it experimentally in a real equipment. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed method can reduce power consumption by selecting adequate channels and advertising intervals according to the wireless environ- ment without significant loss of reliability. 1. Introduction Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the communi- cation modes of Bluetooth and it is used in various IoT applications due to its low power consumption and low cost. Wireless communication in BLE can be divided into two period: advertising and Generic ATTribute (GATT) communication[1]. Advertising, in which devices called peripherals, such as sensor devices and beacons, commu- nicate with a central device, such as a smartphone or PC, in order to have them discover their presence. GATT com- ORCID iDs Minoru Fujisawa: 0009-0007-5533-8868, Hiroyuki Ya- suda: 0000-0002-0732-883X, Ryosuke Isogai: 0009-0001-3743- 4262, Yoshifumi Yoshida: 0009-0004-0947-2204, Aohan Li: 0000-0003-0618-4894, Song-Ju Kim: 0000-0003-2369-7448, Mikio Hasegawa: 0000-0001-5638-8022 munication, in which central and peripherals communicate after connecting. Even if GATT communication is desired, advertising is required at the start of the connection. In advertising, the peripheral periodically broadcasts ad- vertising packets to be discovered by the central. The BLE specification calls for the same packet to be sent on three channels to ensure more reliable packet arrival even in the presence of interference from other systems. While this in- creases reliability, packets that are not received are wasted, leading to wasted power consumption. In Ref. [2], power consumption has been measured using Nordic’s nRF52, which shows that the current consump- tion during advertising is much higher than during standby sleep. In addition, the literature [3] shows the possibility of reducing power consumption by not using the channel where interference occurs. Therefore, it is important to ef- ficiently estimate the channel state and decide which chan- nel to use in order to further reduce power consumption without compromising reliability. Previously, we proposed an efficient parameter optimiza- tion method based on the MAB algorithm, which considers the wireless environment and selects the appropriate num- ber of channels and advertising intervals[4]. In this paper, we design and implement the proposed method on an ac- tual BLE device and evaluated it experimentally in a real equipment. 2. Description of BLE Advertising 2.1. Flow of BLE Advertising The 2.4 GHz band is used for BLE wireless communi- cations, and the channels are divided into 40 channels of 2 MHz each. The advertising channels of CH37, 38, and – 38 – 2023 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications NOLTA2023, September 26-29, 2023, Catania and Online This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.