Systematic Crowd Mobility Management to Avoid Catastrophic Disasters of Human Stampedes: The Case of Mina Hajj Nisrine Ibadah 1 a , C´ esar Benavente-Peces 2 b , Khalid Minaoui 1 , Mohammed Rziza 1 and Mohammed Oumsis 1,3 1 LRIT Laboratory, Associated Unit to CNRST (URAC 29), IT Rabat Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco 2 ETS de Ingenier´ ıa y Sistemas de Telecomunicaci´ on, Universidad Polit´ ecnica de Madrid, Calle de Nikola Tesla sn, 28031 Madrid, Spain 3 High School of Technology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Sal´ e, Morocco Keywords: Mobility, Traffic Management, Human Crowd, Stoning, Hajj, Mina, Tent City. Abstract: Every year, the Holy city of Makkah hosts more than two million Muslims for the pilgrimage ’Hajj’. During this event, a set of activities should be done by pilgrims. One of the rituals performed is throwing stones in al-Jamarat area of Mina at pillars target. The throwing Jamarat is a paradigm of stoning the devil, as done by the prophet Abraham. All pilgrims must reach the site at different times in specific hours of particular days. However, this stoning ritual represents the most bottleneck ceremony where the area becomes packed at routes and around pillars structure. The problem is that, unfortunately, humans cannot be controlled while they are in a crowd. That takes this place a high safety hazard by increasing accidents’ probably which cause death of many Muslims last few years. Inspired from this event, this paper presents a new human mobility models which simulates stoning in Hajj by adopting a new design to solve the safety problems. This suggests control huge crowds by conducting the relationship between the Jamarat basin, pilgrims, stoning performance, and the impact of organizing the pilgrims in three rows around the Jamarat basin. This experiment estimate the throwing time at each pillar in order to manage the temporal and spatial human movement inside the Jamarat area. The simulation outcomes encourage adopting the new design to prevent crowd panic and disasters. 1 INTRODUCTION Up to now, mobility modeling field cognizes a lot of interests and research advancements. That especially ever knows an important expanding of human or so- ciability based mobility models. From the beginning of 1990, biologists, physicists, and other groups of researchers looked into human and animal movement patterns. Their research detected that their motions are heavily influenced by various factors like food location, foraging, habitat, and tendency to create groups as herds or communities, for instance, group of soldiers or rescue workers. That can be applied to diverse applications of Pocket Switched Networks (PSN) (Trifunovic et al., 2017). Numerous mobility patterns have also been suggested inspired by sociol- ogy and social network. Therefore, There are based a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-3115 b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-890X on the argument that Humans have tendency to so- cialize where they are governed by social aspects and the nature of social structure of the belonging commu- nity. Moreover, people are confined to their own so- cial group and seldom move outside it. For example; during their days, people are in office, the evening in a pub or coffee shop and return home at night. Hence, human mobility is more complex than animals that stills till now under research. The pilgrimage to Makkah at Saudi Arabia is one of the five needed pillars of Islam. Muslims are charged for this duty at least one time in their lifetime, if they can financially and physically afford it. Over a fixed five days, the holy Makkah hosts around 2 mil- lion people. A population of international Muslims that annually comes from more than 150 countries from all the world. This event represents the largest mass gathering of all the globe. Recently, the number of pilgrims has exponentially multiplied, as shown in Figure 1. That makes the Hajj a huge logistic issue 66 Ibadah, N., Benavente-Peces, C., Minaoui, K., Rziza, M. and Oumsis, M. Systematic Crowd Mobility Management to Avoid Catastrophic Disasters of Human Stampedes: The Case of Mina Hajj. DOI: 10.5220/0010147700660073 In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pervasive and Parallel Computing, Communication and Sensors (PECCS 2020), pages 66-73 ISBN: 978-989-758-477-0 Copyright c  2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved