60 1. Introduction iabetes mellitus (DM) is a common meta- bolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and other complications (Popovic, Biessels, Isaacson, & Gispen, 2001). Elevated blood glucose levels in dia- betic patients involve alternations in neurotransmission, electrophysiological abnormalities, structural changes, and cognitive defcits (Biessels et al.,, 1996, 1994; Monaghan, 1995; McCall, 1992). It has been reported that anxiety symptoms increased and were common among types 1 and 2 diabetic patients (Grigsby, Ander- sona, Freedlanda, Clouse, & Lustmana, 2002; Skenazy Effects of Infantile Repeated Hyperglycemia on Behavioral Alterations in Adult Male and Female Rats Malihe Moghadami 1,2 , Ali Moghimi 3 , Emad Ahangar 2,4 , Razieh Jalal 5 , Morteza Behnam Rassouli 1 , Naser Mahdavi Shahri 1 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 2. Applied Research and Production Center of Lab Animals; (Radman Pajoohan Jam Co.,), Roshd Center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM), Iran. 3. Applied Research Center for Neurofeedback and Neurobehavioral Sciences (Aren) , Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM), Iran. 4. Department of Civil, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran. 5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. D * Corresponding Author: Malihe Moghadami, PhD, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: malihe.moghadami@gmail.com Anxiety symptoms have been reported to be present in many patients with diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the effects of hyperglycemia in critical periods of the central nervous system development. We assessed locomotive, exploratory, and anxiety behaviors in adult rats that remained from infantile repeated hyperglycemia by the open feld and elevated plus maze tests. Our fndings showed signifcant hypo activity, reduced locomotive/exploratory activities, increased fear related behaviors, and anxiety state between hyperglycemic and control adult males and the same differences were observed among females. In addition, no signifcant behavioral alterations between male and female animals were observed. This study determined that repeated increments in daily blood sugar levels in newborns may affect neuronal functions and provide behavioral abnormalities in adults. A B S T R A C T Article info: Received: 28 April 2012 First Revision: 26 June 2012 Accepted: 25 July 2012 Key Words: Anxiety, Elevated Plus Maze, Exploratory, Hyperglycemia, Locomotive, Open Field. & Bigler, 1984; Lustman & Clouse, 1990), and such pa- tients certainly suffer from reduced motor activity and increased risk of dementia and cognitive dysfunction (Gispen & Biessels, 2000). Such that, diabetic individu- als performed poorly on tasks requiring motor effcacy and somatosensory discrimination (Lustman, 1988). Continuously, it has been suggested that anxiety is as- sociated with poor control of glycemia (Lloyd, Dyert, & Barnett, 2000; McGrady & Horner, 2001; Rubin & Peyrot, 2001). Also, poor glycemic control can be a risk factor for various diseases, including myocardial infarc- tion, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, bone fractures, and colorectal, liver, pancreas, bladder, and breast cancers (Croft & Hannaford, 1989; Coughlin, Calle, Teras, Pe-