Amazonian Journal of Plant Research ©2017 Universidade Federal do Pará This paper is available online free of all access charges – Faculdade de Engenharia Agronômica http://www.ajpr.online - Amaz. Jour. of Plant Resear. 2(3):228-232. 2018 228 Alan M. Zuffo E-mail: alan_zuffo@hotmail.com Original Paper Fruit biometry and pitombeira seed [Talisia esculenta (St. Hil) Radlk (Sapindaceae)] Alan M. Zuffo¹ , Jorge G. Aguilera¹, Augusto M. de Oliveira², Aécio Busch³ and Fábio Steiner³ 1 Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus Chapadão do Sul – MS, Brazil 2 State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Unidade de Cassilândia – MS, Brazil 3 Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Campus Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus – PI, Brazil Received: 25 May, 2018. Accepted: 13 August, 2018 First published on the web January, 2019 Doi: 10.26545/ajpr.2018.b00028x Abstract Research on the biometry of fruits and seeds is relevant in the conservation and exploitation of economic value resources and in the evaluation of genetic variability within the species. However, there are few studies on biometry analysis of fruit and seed of Talisia esculenta (St. Hil) Radlk, popularly known as pitombeira. The objective of this study was to characterize the fruits and seeds of pitombeira. The study was developed at the Crop Science Laboratory of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, using 100 fruits and seeds randomly selected from 120 fruits. The fruit traits evaluated were: longitudinal length, width, thickness, fresh mass, dry mass, peel fresh mass and volume; and the seed traits assessed were: longitudinal length, width, fresh mass, dry mass and water content. There was a morphological difference between fruits and seeds. Fruit traits that presented lower and higher variability were the peel fresh mass and length, respectively, and for the seed traits were dry mass and length. The results indicate that there may be genetic variability among the harvested pitombeira fruits. Key-words: Biometric Analysis, Pitomba, Genetic Variability Introduction Talisia esculenta Radlk, known popularly as pitombeira and/or pitomba, belonging to the family Sapindaceae, it is a tree plant native of the Amazon region found in temperate and tropical regions. In Brazil, it presents cosmopolitan distribution (Rodrigues et al., 2018). Its fruits measure about 32.59 x 26.33 cm in length and diameter, and they are coated with a brownish-yellow bark of coriaceous consistency, and its pulp yield is approximately 3.35 g (Vieira and Gusmão, 2008). The commercialization of pitomba fruits usually occurs in local markets and are collected from wild trees and / or domestic orchards. However, there is no official data on its annual production (Alves et al., 2013; Rodrigues et al., 2018). Due to its high occurrence, adapted to the different environments, with fast growth and great seed production, it can also be used in the recovery of ciliary forests (Vieira; Gusmão, 2008). Despite its socioeconomic importance, Talisia esculenta is not the focus of many studies, with few references on the biometry of fruits and seeds (Vieira; Gusmão, 2008). Biometric data is useful for conserving and exploiting economic value resources, allowing the rational use of the fruits and the evaluation of genetic variability within and between populations, besides allowing to evaluate if the variability has or not relation with the edaphoclimatic factors (Gonçalves et al., 2013; Barroso et al., 2016; Zuffo et al., 2016a, b). Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the biometry of fruits and seeds of pitombeira [Talisia esculenta (St. Hil) Radlk (Sapindaceae)].