TEM Journal. Volume 12, Issue 3, pages 1566-1574, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM123-38, August 2023.
1566 TEM Journal – Volume 12 / Number 3 / 2023. Content Analysis of the Subject of Technology
at Basic Schools in Slovakia within the Context
of the Upcoming Education Reform
Alena Hašková
1 , Danka Lukáčová
1
1 Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Faculty of Education, Department of Technology and
Information Technologies, Dražovská 4, Post code: 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
Abstract – Since 1989, various initiatives aimed at
supporting humanity, linguistic, information, technical
or polytechnical education in basic schools in Slovakia
(i.e. at primary and lower secondary schools according
to ISCED) were announced and implemented. At the
end of 2020 the Ministry of Education, Science,
Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic announced
its intention to carry out a curricular reform on the
level of ISCED 1 and ISCED 2. The article presents
starting points and conceptions of both the previous as
well as the announced curricular reforms, and
subsequently the authors focus on the impact of these
reforms on the content of the subject of technology, in
frame of which technical education of students at lower
level of secondary education is carried out. From the
authors' point of view, the curricular reform of the
subject of technology should increase students' interest
in technically oriented fields of study. In this context,
they present results of a research study, the purpose of
which was to determine how students evaluate the
current content (before the announced reform) of the
technology subject.
Keywords – Education reform, curricula, primary
and secondary schools (ISCED 1-2), technical
education, content analysis, students' interest in
technical study programs.
DOI: 10.18421/TEM123-38 https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM123-38
Corresponding author: Alena Hašková,
Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Faculty of
Education, Nitra, Slovakia
Email: ahaskova@ukf.sk
Received: 27 February 2023.
Revised: 04 June 2023.
Accepted: 22 June 2023.
Published: 28 August 2023.
© 2023. Alena Hašková & Danka
Lukáčová; published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License.
The article is published with Open Access at https://www.temjournal.com/
1. Introduction
Formation of a personality through the processes
of training and education belongs among the critical
functions of school in society.
However, training and education are always tied to
the specific content of the curriculum, which is
embedded in the school curriculum. The school
curriculum can be seen as the result of finding a
balance between the societal demands placed on the
individual and the individual's educational needs.
Curricular reform should therefore support such
transformation of education that would introduce
more effective ways of personal development of
pupils and students. However, analyses of school
reforms implemented over the last three decades in
various countries worldwide point to a strong link
between state ideology and curricular innovation [1],
[2], [3], [4]. Porubský et al. [5] point out that issues
of education reform, school reform, or curricular
reform have become more political and economic
than pedagogical in recent years, not only for
Slovakia but also for the broader international
context.
The quality of education and training is considered
an indicator and crucial determinant of the maturity
of economic systems and society. On the one hand,
this brings many positive impulses for developing
education, schools, teaching and learning processes,
and educational sciences. On the other hand,
however, it also brings such tendencies that do not
respect the traditionally understood value of
education by narrowing it down to a person's
qualifications as a prerequisite for employment in the
labour market [6], [7], [8].
According to the analyses presented, the reform is
never an isolated modification of the curriculum but
a philosophical and ideological change that must be
accepted by all the actors involved in its
implementation. On the one hand, the reform, to a
certain extent, accepts the demands of the teachers
themselves, who oppose the traditional approach to
the mediation of the curriculum, aimed at creating
the most optimal conditions for implementing the
school reform.