~ 702 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(6): 702-713 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(6): 702-713 Received: 04-09-2019 Accepted: 06-10-2019 M Sharath Chandra Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India RK Naresh Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India N Lavanya Department of Agronomy, Professor Jayashanakar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad., India N Varsha Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India Shaikh wasim Chand Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agriculture University, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India Pebbeti Chandana Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Shivangi Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India B Naveen Kumar Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad, India Rajendra Kumar Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Rahul Indar Navsare Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: M Sharath Chandra Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Production and potential of ancient liquid organics panchagavya and kunapajala to improve soil health and crop productivity: A review M Sharath Chandra, RK Naresh, N Lavanya, N Varsha, Shaikh Wasim Chand, Pebbeti Chandana, Shivangi, B Naveen Kumar, Rajendra Kumar and Rahul Indar Navsare Abstract During the last 5- 6 decades the indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals has adversely affected the soil fertility, crop productivity, quality of agriculture and natural products with particularly the environment. Annually India is loosing nearly 0.8 million tones of nitrogen, 1.8 millions tones of Phosphorus and 26.3 million tones of potassium (Annonymous, 2011). In India, 1% of the cropped area is organic by default as the resource poor farmers cannot purchase high cost inputs like chemical fertilizer, pesticides etc. Hence organic production systems, there is always a challenge of how to improve soil fertility, crop productivity and management of pests by organic techniques. Use of organic liquid preparations has been an age old practice in India. Vedic literatures (Vrikshayurveda) have clearly outlined a systematized agricultural practices that insisted on the use of panchagavya and kunapajala to enhance the biological efficiency of crop plants and the production of fruits and vegetables. The liquid organic manures Panchagavya and Kunapajala has a good potential as manure to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil that leads to enhance the soil fertility, crop productivity and also provide food grains free from the health hazards and also used an alternative against chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Thus, Panchagavya and Kunapajala plays a major role in organic farming and sustainable agriculture. These review paper collected literature mainly emphasizes liquid organics Panchagavya and Kunapajala the need to adopt eco-friendly agricultural practices to improve soil health and crop productivity for sustainable food production. Keywords: Panchagavya, kunapajala, soil health, crop productivity Introduction The current global scenario firmly emphasizes the need to adopt eco-friendly agricultural practices for sustainable agriculture. Chemical agriculture has made an adverse impact on the healthcare of not only soil but also the beneficial soil microbial communities and the plants cultivated in these soils. This eventually has lead to a high demand for organic produce by the present day health conscious society and sporadic attempts are being made by farmers all over the world to detoxify the land by switching over to organic farming dispensing with chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Sarkar et al., 2014) [53] . Historically, Maharshi Vasishtha served the divine “Kamdhenu” Cow and Maharshi Dhanvantari offered to mankind a wonder medicine “Panchgavya” (a combination of cow urine, milk, dung, ghee and curd). In Sanskrit, all these five products are individually called “Gavya” and collectively termed as “Panchgavya”. Panchgavya had reverence in the scripts of Vedas (divine scripts of Indian wisdom) and Vrkshyurveda (Vrksha means plants and Ayurveda means health system) (Naresh et al., 2018) [35] . Cow is the backbone of Indian culture and rural economy, and sustains our life; represent cattle wealth and bio-diversity. It is known as “Kamdhenu” and “Gaumata” because of its nourishing nature like mother, the giver of all providing riches to humanity and is a store of medicines The Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, has detail mentions of importance of cow’s milk, curd, ghee, urine in the treatment of various human aliments. Every product has distinct qualities and uses in health, agriculture and other fields [Chauhan, 2005; Achliya et al., 2004; Saxena et al., 2004] [16, 2, 55] . Though, chemical fertilizers increase the yield, they pose certain serious health threats to human beings especially infants, pregnant and nursing mothers (Vermeer et al., 1998). Another concern for health is contamination of medicinal plants with toxic heavy metals like mercury, lead, cadmium, etc., through fertilizers, harmful industrial wastes contaminating the water sources etc.