Research Article
A Physical-Chemical Study of the Interference of Ceftriaxone
Antibiotic with Copper Chloride Salt
Elsayed M. AbouElleef ,
1,2
Mowafak M. Mahrouka,
1
and Sherine E. Salem
3
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Rafha Northern Border University, 91911 Rafha, Saudi Arabia
2
Basic Science Department, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura,, 35681 Dakhlia, Egypt
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
Correspondence should be addressed to Elsayed M. AbouElleef; s.abouelleef@yahoo.com
Received 7 August 2021; Revised 2 October 2021; Accepted 6 October 2021; Published 19 October 2021
Academic Editor: Guillermo Mendoza-Diaz
Copyright © 2021 Elsayed M. AbouElleef et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
e nano-CuCl
2
.2H
2
O salt was prepared by the ball milling method. e association parameters for bulk and nano-CuCl
2
salts in H
2
O are estimated at different temperatures using the conductivity method by applying the Fuoss–Shedlovsky
equation and it was higher for nano-CuCl
2
than bulk CuCl
2
salt. e interaction between the cation (Cu
2+
) and ligand
(ceftriaxone) in H
2
O was determined also by the conductometric method. Two stoichiometric complexes 1/2 and 1/1 (M/L)
are estimated and follow the order K
f
(1/1) > K
f
(1:2) and G
f
(1/1) > G
f
(1/2) for (M:L) (in negative values) indicate the
favorable of formation of (1/1) complex compared to the (1:2) complex. e Gibbs free energies change was increased in
negative signs with increasing the temperature. e antimicrobial activities of CFT, bulk Cu-CFTcomplex, and nano-Cu-CFT
complex were studied on LB agar by the disc diffusion technique against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella
pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Fungi (Candida albicans). It was observed that (CFT) has a higher zone of
inhibition and antibacterial activity than that of bulk and nano-Cu-CFTcomplexes in Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (gram-negative bacteria). e nano-Cu-CFT complex showed a higher clear zone of inhibition and antifungal
activity against candida than bulk Cu-CFT complex while the absence of the inhibition zone in CFT, so nano-Cu-CFT
complex, can be used as an antifungal drug.
1. Introduction
Nanoparticles (NPs) are a wide class of materials that have a
state between bulk and atomic or molecular structures in
different shapes of 0D, 1D, 2D, or 3D and have a great
scientific interest [1–5]. Bulk materials have constant
physical properties, with size larger than one micrometer or
micron. Nanoparticles can be used for various applications
such as drug delivery purposes [6], diagnostics of cancer
therapy, gene delivery purposes, chemical and biological
sensing [7], gas sensing [8–10], CO
2
capturing [11, 12], and
other related applications [13–17]. Nanoparticles are often
used to photocatalytically break down oil into biodegradable
compounds, break down volatile organic pollutants in the
air, and clean up carbon tetrachloride pollution in spring
water [18, 19]. Nanoparticles (NPs) such as gold, silver,
platinum, and palladium showed colors with the variation of
shape and size and characteristic properties that can be
utilized in bioimaging applications [20]. Another applica-
tion of nanoparticles is the synthesis of photocatalysis
S-doped TiO
2
nanoparticles and the study of their photo-
catalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities under
sunlight illumination [21].
Ceftriaxone [22–25] is an antibiotic that belongs to a
category of medicine referred to as cephalosporin anti-
biotics, and it treats a variety of bacterial infections by
stopping the growth of bacteria variety of bacterial in-
fections (e.g., middle ear, lower tract, skin, and urinary
tract), meningitis, gonorrhea, pelvic disease, and joint
infections.
Hindawi
Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
Volume 2021, Article ID 4018843, 15 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4018843