Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
15
th
December 2016. Vol.94. No.1
© 2005 - 2016 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved
.
ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195
142
A NOVEL PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPH SENSOR PROBE
DESIGN FOR MOTION ARTIFACT DETECTION: A
COMPARISON STUDY WITH THREE AXIS
ACCELEROMETER
1
MUHIDEEN ABBAS HASAN,
2
FAHMI SAMSURI,
3
KOK BENG GAN
1
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
2
Department of Electronics, Technical Institute/Dour, Northern Technical University, Foundation of
Technical Education, Iraq
3
Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
E-mail:
1
muhyabass@gmail.com,
2
fahmi@ump.edu.my,
3
gankokbeng@ukm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors have become widespread in most of the healthcare categories; its
drawback is unreliable during non-stationary states. Adaptive noise cancellation is one of the several
techniques have existed to address this issue. The problem of implementing this method still lacks for total
detection of induced noise due to the motion. In this work, a new method was introduced for noise detection
based on novel PPG sensor probe design by adding a covered photodetector (CPD) as a motion artifact
reflector, in addition to the main photodetector (MPD). Experiments of several motion kinds were executed
to the tied (CPD) with the accelerometer. Data analysis for the collected signals showed a lengthy
convergence between the amplitude fluctuations in the time domain. The CPD precisely indicated all the
fundamental frequencies of various induced noise, unlike the accelerometer. Using these photodetectors,
the CPD as noise reflector and the MPD to track the contaminated PPG signal is more reliability than other
approaches. Implementing this method ensures a high-level accuracy and reducing the cost of repeated false
examinations. Furthermore, simple software computation and low power consumption. Practical application
of this study will be presented in our next work.
Keywords: Photoplethysmograph, Motion Artifacts, Accelerometer, CPD, MPD
1. INTRODUCTION
Photoplethysmography is a noninvasive method
to measure changes in arterial blood flow through
the skin utilizing infrared light and photodetector.
PPG technique has been accepted by the
International Standards Organization (ISO) and the
European Committee for Standardization as the
standard non-invasive measure of oxygen saturation
level since 1987[1]. PPG technique has been
implemented in many different medical settings,
including clinical, physiological monitoring (blood
oxygen saturation level, Heart Rate, Blood
Pressure, Cardiac Output, Respiratory Rate), Fetal
Heart Rate and person’s identity [2-5]. Despite the
many PPG signal advantages as an easy to set up,
comfortable, inexpensive compared to the other
types of such medical devices [6]. However, PPG
signals could be easily affected by intended or
unintended motion in the measurement process
which may conducive to the incorrect interpretation
of the reported PPG signal waveform which can be
used for diseases classification [7, 8]. So it is not
straightforward to remove the motion artifacts from
the PPG signal.
Valuable efforts were spent to cope with resulted
mistakes in measurements during motion state by
using different techniques as reported by [9-13]. In
a comparative study [14] of several currents used
methods for the PPG signal processing while the
non-stationary state was concluded that each of
those methods has its advantages and
disadvantages. Also, the mentioned study indicated
that the ANC technique is not the worst of the
others and could be better if a proper hardware