Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 J IRAN CHEM SOC (2017) 14:2665–2671 DOI 10.1007/s13738-017-1201-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Determination of trace amounts of nystatin in water and vaccine samples using sodium dodecyl sulfate‑coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles followed by high‑performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection Marjan Hematyar 1  · Ali Es‑haghi 2  · Majid Soleimani 1  · Ali Rezaie Mokarram 3   Received: 22 March 2017 / Accepted: 12 September 2017 / Published online: 3 October 2017 © Iranian Chemical Society 2017 50, 300 and 500 µg L −1 ) for water and vaccine samples, respectively. Keywords Magnetic solid-phase extraction · Mixed hemi/ad-micelles · Nystatin · Vaccine Abbreviations MNPs Magnetic nanoparticles MSPE Magnetic solid-phase extraction NYS Nystatin SDS Sodium dodecyl sulfate HPLC/UV High-performance liquid chromatography– ultraviolet detection LC–MS Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry CE Capillary electrophoresis HPTLC High-performance thin layer chromatography FESEM Field emission scanning electron microscope FTIR Fourier transform infrared RSD Relative standard deviation LOD Limit of detection LOQ Limit of quantifcation FMD Foot and mouth disease Introduction The addition of preservatives to vaccine/biologic formula- tions is allowed or, in case of multi-dose preparations, pre- scribed in all pharmacopeias. These substances are added in order to kill or to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi which introduced unintentionally at any stage of manufacturing process or at any time during use and storage. Therefore, regular control is necessary: as it gives assurance that the biological products have been adequately preserved Abstract In this work, magnetic solid-phase extraction based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparti- cles has been successfully applied for extraction and pre- concentration of trace amounts of nystatin from water and vaccine samples prior to high-performance liquid chroma- tography–ultraviolet detection. Various experimental param- eters afecting extraction and recovery of the analyte, such as the amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate, pH of the sample solution, salt concentration, extraction time, sample volume and desorption conditions, were systematically studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, nystatin was quan- titatively extracted. Proper linear range with good coef- cient of determination, (R 2  > 0.99) and limit of detection and quantifcation (based on signal-to-noise ratios of 3 and 10) of 2.0 and 5.0 µg L −1 , over the investigated concentration range (5–700 µg L −1 ), were obtained, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations at 50 µg L −1 level of NYS were 1.4 and 4.5% based on six replicate determina- tions. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by recov- ery measurements on spiked samples. Suitable recoveries of 96–102 and 26–44% were achieved (at spiked levels of * Ali Es-haghi a.eshaghi@rvsri.ac.ir * Majid Soleimani m-soleimani@hotmail.com 1 Department of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), P.O. Box 288, Qazvin 34149-16818, Iran 2 Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran 3 Department of QA, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran