FetKin: Coupling
kinematic restorations and
temperature to predict
thrusting, exhumation histories,
and thermochronometric ages
Ariel Almendral, Wilmer Robles,
Mauricio Parra, Andrés Mora,
Richard A. Ketcham, and Michael Raghib
ABSTRACT
FetKin is a C++ program for forward modeling thermochrono-
logical ages on a two-dimensional geological cross section.
Modeled ages for various thermochronometers are computed from
time–temperature histories that result from coupling the modeled
kinematics of deformation obtained from commercial software
for balanced reconstructions (2DMove) and a finite element
computation of temperatures. Additional capabilities include the
ability to accommodate (1) a smooth change of topological relief;
(2) the influence of variation in rock physical properties; and
(3) multikinetic modeling of fission-track ages and length distri-
butions, as well as apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He and muscovite
40
Ar∕
39
Ar systems. A joint first-order analysis of the impact of
erosion parameters and material properties improves age predic-
tions and allows for a more complete analysis of observed cooling
ages based on their modeled thermal histories. Thus, this paper
presents a new software tool that has been developed as a basic
support for the methodological approach used to build the
kinematic restorations shown in this volume, which are the basic
input for petroleum systems modeling and prediction in the
Colombian Eastern Cordillera and Llanos foothills basin.
INTRODUCTION
Knowledge about the timing of deformation of geological struc-
tures is critical to understanding virtually all geological processes
Copyright ©2015. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.
Manuscript received August 1, 2011; provisional acceptance December 10, 2012; revised manuscript
received August 2, 2013; revised manuscript provisional acceptance October 2, 2013; 2nd revised
manuscript received March 7, 2014; final acceptance July 7, 2014.
DOI: 10.1306/07071411112
AUTHORS
Ariel Almendral ∼ Instituto Colombiano
del Petróleo, Piedecuesta, Santander,
Colombia; present address: Norsk
Regnesentral/Norwegian Computing Center,
P.O. Box 114, Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo,
Norway; Ariel.Almendral.Vazquez@nr.no;
aalmendral@gmail.com
Ariel Almendral is a senior researcher at
Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo,
Norway, where he develops geostatistical
software for the O&G industry. He has also
contributed to the development of the Petrel
framework in the area of three-dimensional
geology and modeling. His Ph.D. work from
the University of Oslo (2005) dealt with
numerical computation of financial
derivatives.
Wilmer Robles ∼ Instituto Colombiano del
Petróleo, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia;
wilmerangel@gmail.com
Wilmer Robles is an external consulting
geophysicist at Instituto Colombiano del
Petróleo-Ecopetrol, with an M.Sc. degree in
geophysics from the Universidad Nacional
de Colombia. His interests include fault-bend
folding, thermochronology, and the
acquisition, processing, and interpretation of
geophysical data.
Mauricio Parra ∼ Instituto Colombiano del
Petróleo, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia;
Jackson School of Geosciences, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin,
Texas 78759; m.parra@iee.usp.br
Mauricio Parra is an external research
consultant for Instituto Colombiano del
Petróleo-Ecopetrol. He received a Ph.D. in
geosciences from the University of Potsdam
in 2009, followed by a postdoctoral stay at
the Department of Geosciences, University
of Texas at Austin. He has worked in the
tectonic evolution of Colombian orogens
using thermochronometry and basin
analysis.
Andrés Mora ∼ Instituto Colombiano del
Petróleo, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia;
andres.mora@ecopetrol.com.co
Andres Mora is a senior geologist at Instituto
Colombiano del Petróleo-Ecopetrol. He
AAPG Bulletin, v. 99, no. 8 (August 2015), pp. 1557–1573 1557