Civil Engineering and Architecture 11(5A): 3242-3248, 2023 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2023.110833
The Effect of Sugar Palm Fiber Content
on the Marshall Performance of Hot Mix
Buton-Asphalt Mixture
Ludfi Djakfar
*
, Rahayu Kusumaningrum, Theo Adhitya Kusuma, Abid Hartisah Rahman
Department of Civil Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Received December 30, 2022; Revised March 8, 2023; Accepted July 5, 2023
Cite This Paper in the Following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Ludfi Djakfar, Rahayu Kusumaningrum, Theo Adhitya Kusuma, Abid Hartisah Rahman , "The Effect of Sugar
Palm Fiber Content on the Marshall Performance of Hot Mix Buton-Asphalt Mixture," Civil Engineering and
Architecture, Vol. 11, No. 5A, pp. 3242 - 3248, 2023. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2023.110833.
(b): Ludfi Djakfar, Rahayu Kusumaningrum, Theo Adhitya Kusuma, Abid Hartisah Rahman (2023). The Effect of Sugar
Palm Fiber Content on the Marshall Performance of Hot Mix Buton-Asphalt Mixture. Civil Engineering and Architecture,
11(5A), 3242 - 3248. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2023.110833.
Copyright©2023 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract With large natural asphalt deposit sits in its
soils, Indonesia should not worry regarding the availability
of the pavement material in the near future. However, this
natural asphalt, called Buton Asphalt, has some deficiency
in terms of its ability to sustain crack. Therefore, it should
be modified with material resisted to cracking. One of such
materials is palm sugar fiber. The objective of this research
was to investigate the effect of adding palm sugar fiber to
the hot mix Buton-asphalt mixture based on the Marshall
characteristics. The sugar palm fiber was varied at 0.2-
0.4% of the mixture weight at 0.5-1.5cm fiber length. The
mixture preparation conformed to the 2018 Bina Marga
Specifications. The result showed that the mixture's
optimal sugar palm fiber content was 0.2% of the mixture
weight with a length of 0.5 cm. Adding sugar palm fiber
increased Marshall stability up to 3.11% and Marshall
Quotient by 15.56%. VMA and VIM also increased to
7.97% and 33.76%, respectively. The Marshall flow,
however, decreased to 13.07%. The result indicates that
adding sugar palm fiber to the mixture improved the
mixture's performance. Therefore, for future use, it is
recommended to add this fiber as the modifier. As for
future research, other types of fiber such as coconut fiber
should also be investigated for its potential use in Buton
Asphalt mix.
Keywords Buton Asphalt, Sugar Palm Fiber, VIM,
VMA, VFB, Stability, Flow, MQ
1. Introduction
Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest natural
asphalt deposit in the world, known as Buton Asphalt. The
deposit is in the form of asphalt-filled rocks mixed with
other mineral materials with bitumen content varying from
low to high (10%-30%). It is estimated that about 600
million tons of Buton Asphalt deposits (equivalent to 170
million tons of oil asphalt) reside on Buton Island [1].
However, as of today, the use of Buton Asphalt for road
construction is still low. Its performance is usually below
those of oil-based asphalt mixture, limiting its use only for
low-volume roads.
Despite these limitations, several studies have shown the
advantages of Buton Asphalt. Several road pavement trials
in Indonesia that used Buton Asphalt and oil asphalt
showed an increase in compressive strength and modulus
of elasticity of the mixture compared to those without
Buton Asphalt [2]. Hadiwardoyo [3] suggested that adding
Buton asphalt to the concrete asphalt mixture could change
the penetration index of the mix, resulting in a higher slip
resistance value. However, adding Buton asphalt may
decrease adhesiveness (cohesiveness), making it more
brittle and less elastic than pure oil-based asphalt [4].
The challenges and opportunities of using Buton Asphalt
in pavement construction should be reviewed to find
methods to address the limitation. As discussed previously,
the main problem with Buton asphalt is the crack problem
that may occur during its earlier time of service. If the