Research Article
An Optimized and Energy-Efficient Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance
Vector Routing Protocol Based on Dynamic Forwarding
Probability (AODVI)
Hailu Gizachew Yirga ,
1
Gizatie Desalegn Taye ,
2
and Henock Mulugeta Melaku
3
1
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Informatics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
2
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
3
School of Information Technology and Engineering (SiTE), Addis Ababa Institute of Technology•AAiT,
Addis Ababa University (AAU), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Hailu Gizachew Yirga; gizades@dtu.edu.et
Received 26 March 2022; Revised 11 August 2022; Accepted 3 September 2022; Published 8 November 2022
Academic Editor: Giovanni Pau
Copyright © 2022 Hailu Gizachew Yirga et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
MANET (mobile ad•hoc network) is a wireless ad•hoc network made up of mobile devices that use peer•to•peer routing to provide
network access instead of using a preexisting network infrastructure. Despite the network infrastructure’s simplicity, it faces issues
such as changeable connection capacity, dynamic topology, node battery power exhaustion, and inadequate physical security.
Broadcasting is a standard MANETapproach for sending messages from a source node to all other nodes in the network. Flooding
is a frequent method for broadcasting route request (RREQ) packets, which is susceptible to broadcast storms. Te high
retransmission rate is caused by the standard fooding technique, which causes media congestion and packet collisions, which can
drastically reduce throughput and network performance. In a mobile ad•hoc network, efcient broadcasting focuses on selecting a
compact forward node set while assuring broadcast coverage. Te goal is to fnd a limited number of forward nodes that will
provide complete coverage. In this paper, we propose an optimized and energy•efcient routing protocol for MANET (mobile ad•
hoc network) based on dynamic forwarding probability in general and AODV (ad hoc on•demand distance vector) in particular,
in which the route request packets are randomly controlled to increase the network lifetime and reduce packet loss in the fooding
algorithm. We tested and assessed the results of our proposed solution using various network performance factors after
implementing and integrating it into NS•2. According to simulation fndings, our proposed technique efectively reduced route
request propagation messages (RREQ). Te suggested technique is more efcient, has a longer network lifetime, and uniformly
utilizes node residual energy, enhancing network throughput and minimizing routing overhead when compared to regular and
modifed AODV protocols.
1. Introduction
Wireless networks can be categorized mainly into two
groups such as infrastructure•based and infrastructure•less
networks. In infrastructure•based networks, all the nodes are
controlled by a centralized access point or base station;
whereas, the nodes communicate with each other through
multiple links without any centralized monitoring system in
infrastructure•less networks (i.e., ad hoc network). Trough
the advancements in wireless communication and economy,
portable computing devices have made mobile computing
possible 1].
MANET (mobile ad•hoc network) consists of a set of
mobile nodes (hosts) that are connected by wireless links.
Te network topology (the physical connectivity of the
communication network) in such a network may keep
changing randomly. Routing protocols that fnd a path to be
followed by data packets from a source node to a destination
node used in traditional wired networks cannot be directly
applied in MANET due to their highly dynamic topology,
Hindawi
Journal of Computer Networks and Communications
Volume 2022, Article ID 5750767, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5750767