e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:05/Issue:07/July-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [862] DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LASER ENGRAVING MACHINE M Pal *1 , P Behera *2 , R Chauhan *3 , D Sahu *4 , K Dash *5 *1,2,3,4 Students, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Gandhi Institute For Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. *5 Assistant Professor, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Gandhi Institute For Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS43065 ABSTRACT The laser engraving setup is advantageous due to its low operational cost, lightweight, portability and easy-to- learn features. The paper fabricates a low cost rapid prototype laser engraving machine. The proposed setup has been applied to Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) composites, plastics, wood, cardboard, etc., to yield desired profile, contour, information and various drawings. Moreover, developed laser engraving setup has high precision and processing efficiency. Laser engraving technique involves color change of the surface due to thermal energy emerged by the laser beam. The simulation of this machine is done using Laser GRBL software. A 2.5 W diode laser is used to engrave the various materials. Various advanced software and hardware like Inkscape, MakerBase, GRBL controllers and microcontrollers are assembled together, further leading to the execution of the final engraving. Keywords: CNC, Analysis, Engraving. I. INTRODUCTION Laser is the acronym of "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". There are main three steps for light emission; they are absorption, Spontaneous Emission and Stimulated Emission. In past decades, laser has been widely and mostly used in welding and cutting operations, but in recent times due to inventions and progress, research and advancement in laser technology it has been adopted in other industrial processes like Engraving, marking and machining of different materials. Laser engraving is the process of using laser machine to engrave or mark an object or surface for product identification. Laser engraving is the process of removal of material from the top surface down to a specific depth. The laser engraving process can be very complex and often a computer system is used to drive the movements of the laser head. The laser engraving technique does not involve the use of any kind of inks, nor does it involve tool bits which contact the engraving surface and wear out. Various advantages associated with laser engraving compared with conventional engraving methods are no wear on tools, high degree of automation, free programming and choice of characters. A laser engraving machine can be thought of as three main parts: a laser, a controller, and a surface. The main advantages of laser process are non-contact working, high repeatability, higher scanning speed, best surface. II. METHODOLOGY Method and analysis which is performed in your research work should be written in this section. A simple The structural design of the machine including to wiring connection and the software adopted to generate codes and C+ language. Finally, but not last. is Development the base of the design that has been achieved. The machine structure is the vital part of the machining tool. It merges all machine components into a single complete system. The machine structure is vital to the efficiency of the machine si nce it’s directly affecting the total dynamic stiffness and also affecting the damping response. Perfectly designed structure can afford high stiffness, which leads to precise operation. Mini scaled machine tool required more precise stiffness than the regular large-scale machine tool. The initial design will be drafting or sketching then when the design satisfied. The next level will be deciding the criteria required which is firstly the length travel. The length travel is the length of the X, Y axis that travels from one point to another. The X axis move left & right, Y axis move front & back. Travel length that is to be designed is X axis 487mm and Y axis 446mm. This structure comes with less materials hence it’s very less expensive to build which it’s designed to engrave wood, plastic and aluminum.