Joint Mode Selection and Resource Allocation Using Evolutionary Algorithm for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks Huifang Pang 1 , Ping Wang 1 , Xinhong Wang 1 , Fuqiang Liu 1 , and Nguyen Ngoc Van 2 1 Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2 School of Electronics and Telecommunications, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: phf1988@126.com, pwang@tongji.edu.cn, wang_xinhong@163.com, liufuqiang@tongji.edu.cn, ng_ng_van@yahoo.com Abstract—Device-to-Device (D2D) has been a potential technology to improve the sum-rate of cellular networks, especially in local communication. By reusing the resource of cellular user equipment (UE), D2D can enhance the spectrum efficiency, but at the cost of introducing extra co-channel interference. In this paper, we adopt a resource reusing mechanism in which multiple D2D pairs can share multiple resource block for the sake of higher sum-rate, and then propose a joint mode selection and resource allocation method based on evolutionary algorithm (EA-MSRA-MDMR) to reduce the extra interference. Simulations show that the proposed method can achieve a higher system sum rate and fairness. Index Terms—Device-to-Device communication, mode selection, resource allocation, evolutionary algorithm I. INTRODUCTION Device-to-device communication (D2D) is becoming a key technology to solve the bottleneck problem of sum rate in future wireless communication network, especially in local communication. D2D mode enables direct communication between devices nearby composing a pair with low power instead via the base station (BS), which reduces the overload of a BS and saves the energy of devices [1] . Unlike other short-range communication technologies such as blue-teeth and wifi, D2D utilizes the licensed frequency band, enabling the BS or the eNodeB to schedule wireless resource to guarantee the quality of communication. Generally, in D2D underlaying network, there are three modes for D2D pairs to share the resource of cellular network. The first mode remains some dedicated frequency bands for D2D [2] . In the second mode [3] , D2D share the uplink or downlink frequency bands with cellular UEs. And in the third mode, D2D regard the BS as a relay to implement communication. The first and the third modes are orthogonal sharing modes and cause no This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) under the special subject of 863 Project (No. 2012AA111902) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61103179) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 0800219162) Corresponding author email: pwang@tongji.edu.cn. extra interference to the original cellular network, but D2D pairs occupy the resource of cellular UEs so it improves the spectrum efficiency limited. In order to achieve multiuser gains and suppress extra interference, and enhance the system sum-rate finally, non-orthogonal sharing mode are discussed by a lot of literatures. Reference [4] presented a distance-based resource allocation scheme to mitigate cellular to D2D interference. A resource allocation scheme to optimize sum-throughput of D2D links with constraints of QoS of cellular users where each sub-carrier is allocated to one D2D user was discussed by reference [5], in which the nonconvex problem was solved by Lagrangian duality theory. Reference [6] utilized graph-coloring algorithms based on the collected information represented by the enriched node contention graph to provide an interference-free secondary allocation scheme. But in some situation where the co-channel interference between D2D pairs and cellular UEs are serious in the whole available frequency band, non-orthogonal sharing mode is necessary. So, in order to achieve multiuser gains and suppress extra interference, and enhance the system sum-rate finally, mode selection and resource allocation of D2D are being researched and some solvable schemes have been proposed. Reference [7] presented the optimum resource allocation and power control between the cellular and D2D connections that share the same resources for different resource sharing modes, which is under minimum and maximum spectral efficiency restrictions and maximum transmit power or energy limitation. A joint resource allocation and resource reuse scheme is investigated in reference [8], in which resource allocation to cellular users is employed on proportional fair algorithm and resource reuse to D2D users is employed on a greedy heuristic algorithm. Deng [9] . proposed a joint scheme combining mode selection, subchannel allocation and power reallocation for D2D underlaying OFDMA networks, but it only discussed the orthogonal sharing modes. [10] proposed another mode selection and resource allocation scheme (MSRA), in which D2D pair is allowed to reused resource blocks of different cellular UEs. It maximizes the system throughput under a minimum rate requirement 751 Journal of Communications Vol. 8, No. 11, November 2013 ©2013 Engineering and Technology Publishing doi:10.12720/jcm.8.11.751-757 et al Su et al. Manuscript received June 11, 2013; revised October 24, 2013.