Ashdin Publishing
Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research
Vol. 11 (2022), Article ID 236199, 14 pages
DOI: 10.4303/JDAR/236199
Research Article
Neuroprotective Efect of Selected Phytocandidates against Neurotoxicity Induced
Human Neuroblastoma PC-12 and SHSY5Y Cell Lines – An In Vitro Model for
Brain Aging
Swathi Nalla
1*
, Suhasin Ganta
2
1
Maharajah’s College of Pharmacy, Phool Baugh, India
2
GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University (Deemed to be University), India
*
Address Correspondence to Swathi Nalla, E-mail: nalla.swathi90@gmail.com
Received: 31 August 2022; Manuscript No: JDAR-22-76611; Editor assigned: 02 September 2022; PreQC No: JDAR-
22-76611 (PQ); Reviewed: 16 September 2022; QC No: JDAR-22-76611; Revised: 21 September 2022; Manuscript
No: JDAR-22-76611 (R); Published: 28 September 2022; DOI: 10.4303/JDAR/236199
Copyright © 2022 Swathi N, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abbreviations
(HRMS) High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, (PC-12)
Pheochromocytoma, (RPMI) Roswell Park Memorial In-
stitute, (DMEM) Dulbecco’s Modifed Eagle Medium,
(FBS) Foetal Bovine Serum, (MTT) 3-(4,5-dimethylthi-
azol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, (KPD)
Kaempferide, (NRG) Norbergenin, (Aβ) Amyloid-β pro-
tein, (6-OHDA) 6-hydroxy dopamine, (DMSO) Dimethyl
sulfoxide, (ROS) Reactive Oxygen Species.
Introduction
Brain aging is a neurodegenerative disease, which is cor-
related with cognitive decline, dementia, and loss of lo-
comotor activity due to changes in the pathophysiological
process of the brain [1,2]. Neurodegeneration is mainly
due to excess generation of Reactive oxygen species in the
brain, which afects the organelles of Mitochondria forma-
tion of amyloid-β plaques due to the aggregation of amy-
loid-β proteins in the brain. Statistics state that almost 46.8
million people are afected by this disease at the age of ≥
65 years [3,4]. It increases the implications on worldwide
medical management. The outset of neurodegeneration was
procrastinated and averted by the use of natural compounds
which exerts anti-oxidant activity and neuroprotection [5].
Phytocandidates like Prunetin, Kaempferide, Piceatannol,
Norbergenin, and Isookanin were exerting potent antiox-
idant activity. Dietary favonoids are natural antioxidants
mostly present in fruits and vegetables. Recent studies
mainly concentrate on the development of natural immu-
nity and antioxidant activity which can prevent oxidative
stress. Natural products are promising therapy for age-re-
lated disorders like Brain aging, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
and multiple sclerosis [6,7]. Prunetin is an O-methylated
isofavone, one group of favonoids. It exhibits antioxidant,
antihyperlipidemic, anti-infammatory, and proteolytic ac-
tivity [8,9]. Kaempferide is a mono methoxy favone. KPD
is an O-methyl derivative of Kaempferol. It is a natural
compound present in Alpinia conchigera, chromolaena
odorata, Syzygium aromaticum, Prunus domatica, Citrus
X paradisi, and in several herbs and spices [10]. KPD has
Anti-oxidant and Anti-hypertensive activity. Recent studies
revealed that it shows action against SARS-Cov-2 Nucleo-
capsid Phosphoprotein[11]. Norbegenin is an O-methylat-
ed derivative of bergenin.It is found in Ardisia Sanguino-
lenta, Ficus racemosa, Mallotus japonicus etc.,. It shows
anti-oxidant activity, acts against lung carcinoma, and in-
hibition of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase in in vitro studies
[12]. Isookanin is a biological Product present in Canarium
album, Acacia melanoxylon, Bidens pilosa L, and other
organisms. It shows anti-oxidant activity and anti-infam-
matory and anti-viral activity [13]. Piceatannol is a natural
stilbene. It is a polyhydroxylated stilbene. It is a potent bio-
active stilbene that was found in berries, Vitis amurensis,
smilax braceteata, and other organisms. It is an analog of
resveratrol. Reported activities of piceatannol are anti-can-
cer activity with less cytotoxicity, hepatoprotective activi-
ty, anti-fbrotic activity, and hypoglycemic activity [14,15].
Natural products have been most widely used all over the
world. In neurodegenerative diseases to enhance cognitive
ability and memory, we use herb alternatives. Because it
proved to get relief from the diseases with fewer side ef-
fects. Mainly, plant derivatives have more safety, potency,
and acceptability with fewer side efects. Identifcation and
preparation of medicinal plants are required for future ther-