Research Article Multiple Viral Infection Detected from Influenza-Like Illness Cases in Indonesia Kindi Adam, Krisna Nur Andriana Pangesti, and Vivi Setiawaty Research and Development Center for Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, Jakarta, Indonesia Correspondence should be addressed to Vivi Setiawaty; vivisetiawaty@hotmail.com Received 27 July 2016; Revised 22 November 2016; Accepted 13 December 2016; Published 23 January 2017 Academic Editor: Sumit Sharma Copyright © 2017 Kindi Adam et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Infuenza is one of the common etiologies of the upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). However, infuenza virus only contributes about 20 percent of infuenza-like illness patients. Te aim of the study is to investigate the other viral etiologies from ILI cases in Indonesia. Of the 334 samples, 266 samples (78%) were positive at least for one virus, including 107 (42%) cases of multiple infections. Infuenza virus is the most detected virus. Te most frequent combination of viruses identifed was adenovirus and human rhinovirus. Tis recent study demonstrated high detection rate of several respiratory viruses from ILI cases in Indonesia. Further studies to determine the relationship between viruses and clinical features are needed to improve respiratory disease control program. 1. Introduction Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) remains one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in children under fve years globally [1]. Viruses have already been recog- nized as important etiologies of respiratory infections with infuenza virus which is considered as the main contributor. Te epidemiology and public health impact of infuenza infections are relatively well described as many studies and surveillance have been conducted in part of pandemic pre- paredness [2–5]. Most of the countries in the world, including Indonesia, have developed infuenza surveillance, infuenza- like illness (ILI) surveillance, and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), which form the network under WHO through Global Infuenza Surveillance and Response Systems (GISRS) [4–8]. Tis network improves infuenza disease control by providing support on infuenza vaccine recommendation, laboratory diagnostic tools, antiviral, and public health risk assessment. As infuenza virus contributed only less than 30 percent of viral respiratory infections, there is an urge to investigate the contribution of other respiratory viruses for improving respiratory disease control program [6]. Recent advancement of molecular technology supports the investigation and characterization of several respiratory viruses. Te molecular technology improves the capability to study respiratory viruses, which are previously identi- fed: rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial viruses, parainfuenza virus, and also the new emerging viruses/strain viruses: MERS coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and human rhinovirus strain C. Multiple detection platforms, which recently have been developed, allows relatively inex- pensive and timely detection of several viruses [9–11]. Te detection of multiple respiratory viruses will accommodate the eforts to determine the epidemiology of noninfuenza respiratory viruses in the community, which will further help the respiratory disease control program including the use of antimicrobial agents [12]. Previous results of the investigation on acute respiratory infection patients in several countries showed the diference in the prevalence of respiratory viruses among studies [3, 13–15]. Study design including the case defnition, study population, time of the study, and diagnostic tools being used have been considered as factors that infuenced the variation [16]. Each virus has diferent seasonality circulation and an age-related prevalence that can lead to a specifc pattern of virus cocirculation in many studies [17–19]. Moreover, the occurrence of virus coinfection in which two or more viruses are detected in a single patient has been described in recent studies using multiple pathogen detection platforms [20–22]. Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2017, Article ID 9541619, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9541619