Environmental Research & Technology, Vol. 1(4), pp. 1-5, 2018
Corresponding Author: moroydor@yildiz.edu.tr (Emek Moroydor Derun)
Received 31 May 2018; Received in revised form 7 September 2018; Accepted 14 September 2018
Available Online 16 October 2018
Doi: ISSN: 2636-8498
© Yildiz Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department. All rights reserved.
This paper has been presented at EurAsia Waste Management Symposium 2018, Istanbul, Turkey
Environmental Research & Technology
http://dergipark.gov.tr/ert
CONFERENCE PAPER
Removal of Cu (II) from wastewater of metal coating process by borax sludge
Esma Burcu Rona
1
, Meral Yildirim
2
, Emek Moroydor Derun
*,2
1
Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) 34060 Eyup/Istanbul, TURKEY
2
Yildiz Technical University Chemical Engineering Department, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, TURKEY
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the adsorption behavior of borax sludge for removal of copper from industrial
wastewater. The borax sludge was generated during borax production and used for treatment of wastewater of metal
coating process. The parameters of pH, concentration and contact time were investigated in batch experiments to
determine the efficiency of adsorption. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was
used to calculate the reduced amount of Cu (II). The results were applied to various kinetic models and adsorption
isotherms. The pseudo second order model was successful to fit the adsorption process in the kinetic study because
the regression coefficient values (R
2
) were changed between 0.9995 and 0.9978. Langmuir (R
2
=0.9985) and Temkin
(R
2
=0.9985) isotherms models were the best to explain the process.
Keywords: Adsorption, borax sludge, heavy metal, wastewater treatment
1. INTRODUCTION
Heavy metal ions in the exit water of different
industries like electroplating, smelting, mining,
petroleum and chemical industries cause soil and
water related pollution effects to the environment.
Even if they found in low amounts in the ecosystem,
they cause severe damages [1]. In order to prevent
industrial heavy metal contamination, the wastewater
must be treated before being discharged to the
receiving environment and the heavy metal
concentrations contained in the contents must be
reduced to the discharge limits specified in the laws
and regulations. Heavy metal removal from industrial
wastewater at high concentration levels is mainly
carried out using purification methods such as
chemical precipitation, reduction/oxidation, reverse
osmosis, membrane filtration, ion exchange,
neutralization, evaporation and adsorption [2-4].
Copper is one of the threatening heavy metal that
excessive intake of it leads to serious toxicological
consequences such as vomiting, cramps, convulsions
and death in living bodies [5]. To remove of copper
ions from aqueous solution effectively, precipitation
[6], ion exchange [7], electrochemical separation [8]
and adsorption methods [9] have been used.
Compared to the other methods adsorption has many
advantages that needs very low concentrations, easy
handling and has continuous processes with the
possibility of regeneration [10], while the others need
excessive time requirements, high cost and high
energy consumption [11].
In literature there are many studies about removal of
copper from aqueous solutions among many low cost
adsorbents like montmorillonite [12], kaolinite [13],
illite [14], palygorskite, sepiolite [15], dolomite [16]
and calcite [17].
As studies going on finding low cost adsorbents; using
waste materials as adsorbents has also extra
advantages on removal of heavy metals. For instance
in Turkey 600.000 tons of boron waste causes an
important waste problem [18]. As the consumption of
boron increase, the waste boron amount will also
increase in the future. Thus, using waste boron for
waste removal is a unique approach. In published
literature, boron waste has been used as an adsorbent
in adsorption studies for dye, cadmium (II), zinc (II)
[19-20] and chromium [18]. Although there are
studies on copper adsorption with different