BSTR, 2022, Vol 10, No 2, 40-44 https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v10i2.780 - 40 - This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Limits of Detection Determination of Aflatoxin B1 using the Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy via the Four-Parameter Logistic Model Garba Uba 1 *, H. M., Yakasai 2 and Aisami Abubakar 3 1 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and Technology, Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse, PMB 7040, Nigeria. 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical science, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3001- Nigeria. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Gombe State University, P.M.B 127, Tudun Wada, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. *Corresponding author: Garba Uba, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and Technology, Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse, PMB 7040, Nigeria. Email: garbauba@jigpoly.edu.ng INTRODUCTION Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are two of the most common types of mold that create aflatoxins; these toxins are found in soil, hay, and cereals, among other places. In the 1960s, when the mold Aspergillus flavus was shown to be responsible for turkey X sickness and cancer in rainbow trout fed on peanut and cottonseed diets, the word "aflatoxin" was developed to describe the substance. Acute or chronic exposure to these compounds can lead to toxicity caused by aflatoxin, which manifests itself in a variety of ways. Hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and teratogenicity can all result from chronic exposure, and hepatocellular carcinoma is particularly common in third-world nations. The FDA in the United States recognizes aflatoxins as an inevitable food contamination [1–4]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified several types of aflatoxins, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) produced by both A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) found in the fermentation broth of A. parasiticus and also produced when infected liver metabolizes AFB1 and AFB2 (IARC). Numerous studies on people, farm animals, and laboratory model species have uncovered species-specific characteristics of aflatoxin poisoning including its symptoms, biomarkers, and techniques for mitigation. One of the most common types of mycotoxins, aflatoxins are created through agricultural practices such growing, harvesting, storing, and processing. There is evidence that aflatoxin M1 can be passed on through breast milk [1–8].. HISTORY Received: 23 rd Sep 2022 Received in revised form: 24 th Nov 2022 Accepted: 24 th Dec 2022 ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are harmful secondary metabolites generated by a variety of fungi, and they may be found in a vast array of food and feed commodities and processed meats from animals fed infected meal. Numerous mycotoxins are extremely resistant and survive food processing, entering the food chain and posing a concern to human health. The "optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy" (OWLS) method was used to detect aflatoxin B1 in plant sample matrices. The calibration curve for the detection of aflatoxin B1 utilizing "optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy" (OWLS) displayed a sigmoidal shape; hence, the 5-PL or 4-PL model should be used to fit the data rather than a linear model. Using error function analysis with functions such as AICc, HQC, BIC, RMSE, adjR 2 , Bias Factor, and Accuracy Factor, the 5-PL and 4-Pl models are distinguished inconsistently. The overlapping confidence intervals of the LogEC50 values suggested that the two techniques did not differ much, and the 4-PL model was selected due to its smaller number of parameters. The Limits of Detection for aflatoxin B1 value based on the 4- PL equation was 8.787 ng/mL with the 95% confidence interval from 5.728 to 13.100. In this study, the use of the 4-PL model was successful and was able to represent the entire date curve, not only the linear section. The linear component is crucial as a handy and swift approach for assessing the sensitivity of a developed biosensor technology and is often a more beneficial method for field applications when a quick and straightforward evaluation is required. KEYWORDS Aflatoxin B1 sigmoidal calibration curve Four-parameter logistic equation Five-parameter logistic equation Error functions analysis BIOREMEDIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH Website: http://journal.hibiscuspublisher.com/index.php/BSTR/index BSTR VOL 10 NO 2 2022 SEM of seaweed