ISSN: 2229-6948(ONLINE) ICTACT JOURNAL ON COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, MARCH 2017, VOLUME: 08, ISSUE: 01 1461 A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON EFFICIENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION BY QoS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS Manju C. Thayammal 1 and M. Mary Linda 2 1 Department of Information Technology, Ponjesly College of Engineering, India 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ponjesly College of Engineering, India Abstract Wireless Networks are growing as a key solution to provide broadband and mobile wireless connectivity in a flexible and economical way. A Wireless Network is a transmission network made up of mixture of wireless nodes accomplished in a mesh topology. Resource allocation is a paramount topic in Wireless Networks with unsuitable resource allocation causing congestion and unfairness to users, where it has been used in Wired Networks such as telecommunications and the Internet. Quality of Service (QoS) is particularly important for the transport of traffic with special requirements. This paper gives a survey and classification of the important QoS approaches proposed for various Wireless Networks. Finally, this paper presents the outcomes of survey which comprises significant observations, limitations and idea of further research in improving QoS in various wireless networks. Keywords: Quality-of-Service (QoS), Resource Allocation, Wireless Networks, Wired Networks, Congestion 1. INTRODUCTION Resource allocation plays a powerful role in designing efficient and predictable wireless networks. Wireless networks are anticipated to support a range of services with different QoS requirements. Wireless networks are also essentially multi-access, it is hard to direct the radio transmission to just a particular receiver or to avoid getting radio signals from any transmitter with abundant power in neighborhood. When laptops are connected to Wi-Fi hot spots in public places, the connection is established to that business’s wireless network. A network that can provide different levels of service is often said to support QoS. The various QoS metrics are delay, jitter (delay variation), service availability, bandwidth, throughput, packet loss rate. Network performance is measured in two essential ways, they are bandwidth and latency. A bandwidth can also be called as throughput where a network is given by the number of bits that can be transmitted over the network in a certain period of time and latency also called as delay relates to how long it precedes a message to mobile from one end of a network to the other. Bandwidth and latency chain to define the routine appearances of a given link or channel. We can apply QoS according to per flow (individual, unidirectional streams) or per aggregate (two or more flows having something in common) basis. The architecture of Wireless networks is shown in Fig.1. [10]. Some types of networks include PAN (Personal Area Networks) which let devices to transfer over the range of a person. An example of PAN is wireless network that links a computer with its peripherals where LAN (Local Area Networks) is a confidentially owned network that works within and nearby a single building like a home, office or factory, MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks) are the cable television networks obtainable in many cities and WAN (Wide Area Networks) extents a large geographical area, frequently a country or continent. Wireless relay networks, heterogeneous wireless networks, wireless communication networks, wireless body area networks, wireless cellular networks, optical wireless access networks, virtualized wireless relay networks, LTE-A networks and Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs).To assist the reader, acronyms used in this paper are composed in Table.1 as a convenient reference. 2. QoS – A BROAD INTRODUCTION In the field of telephony, quality of service was defined by the ITU in 1994. The four types of characteristics are: reliability, delay, jitter and bandwidth.  Reliability: It is a very significant characteristic. Deficiency of reliability means losing a packet or acknowledgement, which requires transmission.  Delay: Delay is one of the major characteristic where the data or information has to flow from source to destination without any delay.  Jitter: Jitter is defined as the variation in the packet delay. The two types of jitter 1. High jitter 2. Low jitter. High jitter means the difference between delays is large, low jitter means the variation is small.  Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the measure of how fast we can actually send data through a network. The various QoS characteristics have been shown in Fig.1. 2.1 QoS TECHNIQUES Packets from different flows arrive at a switch or router for processing. Several scheduling techniques are designed to improve the Quality of Service.  FIFO Queuing: In FIFO queuing the packets wait in a queue till the node is ready to process them. If the average arrival rate is higher than the average processing rate, the queue will block up and new packets will be rejected.  Weighted Fair Queuing: In Weighted Fair queuing method, the packets are assigned to different classes and admitted to different queues. The queues are weighted based on the priority of the queue; higher priority means a higher weight.