1 Published by Scientific Research Initiative, 3112 Jarvis Ave, Warren, MI 48091, USA Healthcare Review 2(1), 2021 ISSN 2692-8787 Review of Cryptosporidiosis in Calves, Children and HIV/Aids Patients SadikZakir, Wubit Tafese, Abdu Mohamed Instructors, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia. GaromaDesa* 2 Team Leader, Veterinary Epidemiologist, National Institute for Control and Eradication of Tsetse fly and Trypanosomosis, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. *Corresponding author: garomadesa@yahoo.com Citation: Zakir, S., Tafese, W., Mohamed, A. & D. Garoma (2021). Review of Cryptosporidiosis in Calves, Children and Hiv/Aids Patients. Healthcare Review, 1(2), 1-15. Research Article Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is among the most important protozoan parasitic diseases of animals and humans importance that commonly causes diarrheal disease in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, particularly, neonatal calves, Children, and HIV/Aids Patients. The host immune capacity is the most important factor affecting both the probability of infection and the severity of the subsequent disease. Commonly, humans and animals get an infection when they contact animal manure and consume food and drink containing Oocysts that contain four Sporozoites within this protozoan. Although the disease has occasionally been reported in adult animals and humans, the severity of the disease is common in neonatal calves, young children particularly in those < 5 years and HIV/AIDS patients. The prevalence of bovine Cryptosporidiosis ranges from 6.25 to 39.65% in different parts of the world and 2.3 to 27.8% in Ethiopia as well. Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis is mostly based on the detection of Oocysts from fecal samples. Animals and human sewage discharges are generally considered as the major sources of contamination. At present, there is no effective treatment and vaccines to prevent Cryptosporidiosis in either livestock farms or humans. Thus, the practice of good personal and dairy farm hygiene, prevention of environmental contamination of Oocystsare the best prevention methods in humans and animals. The objective of this paper is to review the current status of Cryptosporidiosis, the zoonotic implication of Cryptosporidiosis in both humans and animals. Keywords: Calves, Children, Cryptosporidiosis, Hiv/Aids, zoonotic 1. Introduction Cryptosporidium is a microscopic protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance that commonly causes diarrheal disease and inhabits the small intestine of wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans (Chalmers and Katzer, 2013; Gharpureet al., 2019). Cryptosporidium was first named and reported by Ernest Edward Tyzzer who observed in the stomachs of mice (peptic glands of laboratory mouse) (Tyzzer, 1907, 1910). Cryptosporidiosis is progressively inviting attention as an emerging zoonotic disease of great public health importance due to its dominant involvement worldwide (Shirley et al., 2012). At present brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Healthcare Review