Research Article
Identification of Novel Inhibitors for Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Infection in Solanaceae Plants
Archana Prabahar,
1,2
Subashini Swaminathan,
2
Arul Loganathan,
2
and Ramalingam Jegadeesan
2
1
Data Mining & Text Mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences,
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
2
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641003, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Ramalingam Jegadeesan; jrjagadish@yahoo.com
Received 31 July 2015; Revised 27 September 2015; Accepted 28 September 2015
Academic Editor: Huixiao Hong
Copyright © 2015 Archana Prabahar et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infects several crops of economic importance (e.g., tomato) and remains as one of the major concerns
to the farmers. TMV enters the host cell and produces the capping enzyme RNA polymerase. Te viral genome replicates further to
produce multiple mRNAs which encodes several proteins, including the coat protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp), as well as the movement protein. TMV replicase domain was chosen for the virtual screening studies against small
molecules derived from ligand databases such as PubChem and ChemBank. Catalytic sites of the RdRp domain were identifed
and subjected to docking analysis with screened ligands derived from virtual screening LigandFit. Small molecules that interact
with the target molecule at the catalytic domain region amino acids, GDD, were chosen as the best inhibitors for controlling the
TMV replicase activity.
1. Introduction
TMV infects tobacco and other members in the Solanaceae
family which includes economically important plants like
tobacco, tomato, potato, and pepper [1]. Tobacco mosaic
virus has a rod-like appearance [2]. TMV is the type
member of the genus Tobamovirus and has been studied
extensively for its ability to replicate and induce host disease
or resistance responses [3, 4]. Plants infected with TMV may
have many symptoms including patches of light and normal
green pigment on the leaves, chlorosis, dwarfng, blistering
of the leaves, and damage to the fruit [5]. Even though
TMV is able to infect many species and spread quickly but,
the virus rarely kills the host. Virus-infected plants ofen
display developmental abnormalities that include stunting,
leaf curling, and the loss of apical dominance [6].
TMV is a positive-stranded RNA virus that encodes
at least four proteins [3]. Te two open reading frames
(ORF) encode 126- and 183-kDa replicase proteins, where
larger codon is produced through an amber stop codon
[7]. Homology studies shows that the 126-kDa ORF protein
encodes a methyl transferase domain (MT) involved in
viral RNA capping and a helicase domain (HEL) involved
in double-stranded RNA unwinding [8]. Te read-through
portion of the 183-kDa ORF encodes the RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase domain (POL), a 30-kDa protein required
for cell-to-cell movement and the 17.5-kDa capsid proteins are
produced from mRNAs in the subgenomic region [9, 10].
Te 183-kDa protein has amino acids motifs that are
characteristic of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp)
and provides the catalytic activity for the synthesis of TMV
RNA. While there has been no evidence for polymerase
activity in vitro, TMV replicase complexes isolated from
infected tissue have been shown to possess RdRp dependent
polymerase activity [11]. Te RdRp (replicase) mediates the
replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) [12].
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Advances in Bioinformatics
Volume 2015, Article ID 198214, 9 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/198214