Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 4 (1): 04-08, 2013 ISSN 2079-2166 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.jri.2013.4.1.72199 Corresponding Author: Nibret Moges, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. 4 Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria from Dairy Cows with Clinical Endometritis Nibret Moges, Fekadu Regassa, Tefera Yilma and Chandrashekhar G. Unakal 1 2 2 3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3 University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Abstract: Clinical endometritis is inflammation of the endometrial lining of the uterus and is associated with delayed uterine involution and poor fertility. Bacterial pathogens are a potential cause when cows fail to conceive on one or more cycles in the same season. Furthermore, emerging bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics has been demonstrated. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated bacteria from cows with clinical endometritis. In this study, a total of 24vaginal discharge swabs from cows with clinical endometritis problems were evaluated and the bacterial isolates were identified and measured for resistance to 8 antibiotics most commonly used during bacterial infection. 91.66% percent of the examined cows were positive for bacteriological investigations. Amongst 22 successful isolations, 25% were S. pyogenes, 20.8% Escherichia coli and 20.8% Streptococcus spp. considered frequently associated with fertility problems. Determination of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates showed that all isolates of S. aureus were resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin. E. coli showed resistance to sulphamethaxazole (40%), polymixin (100%), tetracycline (100%), oxacillin (40%), gentamycin (40%) and cefoxitin (100%). The isolates of A. pyogenes showed resistance to polymixin (66.66%), tetracycline (66.66%), oxacillin (16.66%), gentamycin (50%) and cefoxitin (16.66%). Klebsiella spp. showed resistance to only cefoxitin (100%). This study revealed that the clinical endometritis is mainly due to A. Pyogenes,E.coli and Streptococcus spp. This study revealed that the bacteria A. pyogenes followed by Streptococcus Spp. and E. coli are more commonly isolated in clinical endometritis in cows and the drugscefoxitin and sulphamethaxazole are highly effective. Key words: Cows Clinical Endometritis Bacteria And Antimicrobial Susceptibilities INTRODUCTION secretion and perturb postpartum ovarian follicle growth Clinical endometritis is a common reproductive Thus, clinical endometritis is associated with lower disorder in female domestic animals with consequences conception rates, increased intervals from calving to first ranging from no effect on reproductive performance to service or conception and more culls for failure to permanent sterility. It affects the general health of animals conceive [5]. The uterine infections often cause clinical and adversely affects their reproductive performance [1]. endometritis. The presence of bacteria in the uterus causes After parturition, bacteria from the animal’s inflammation, histological lesions of the endometrium and environment contaminate the uterine lumen of most cattle. delays uterine involution [2]. In addition, uterine bacterial Infection persists in the uterus of many animals for more infection or bacterial products suppress pituitary LH than three weeks, with about 15% of dairy cattle having and function, which disrupts ovulation in cattle [3, 4].