International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications ISSN (Online): 2581-6187 229 Ahmet Hadrovic, “The Buzim City in Bosnia and Herzegovina,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 6, Issue 2, pp. 229-235, 2023. The Buzim City in Bosnia and Herzegovina Ahmet Hadrovic Faculty of Architecture, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Email address: hadrovic.ahmet@gmail.com, ahmet.hadrovic@af.unsa.ba Abstract— Buzim is a town (with about 2,300 inhabitants) located in the extreme northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Geographic coordinates: 45º02'50.17''N, 16º01'46.95''E, elevation: 321). Remains of material culture testify that this area was inhabited even before the arrival of the ancient Romans. From the 7th century, the Slavs came to this area, so this area was part of the Croatian and Hungarian kingdoms for a long time. Agriculture and animal husbandry were the main occupation of the people, and its position on important roads contributed to the development of crafts and trade. There was a mint in Bužim in the 14th century. Keywords— Bosnia and Herzegovina, Buzim I. INTRODUCTION Buzim is a town (with about 2,300 inhabitants) located in the extreme northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina [1] (Geographic coordinates: 45º02'50.17''N, 16º01'46.95''E, elevation: 321). (Figure 1). Remains of material culture testify that this area was inhabited even before the arrival of the ancient Romans. From the 7th century, the Slavs came to this area, so this area was part of the Croatian and Hungarian kingdoms for a long time. Agriculture and animal husbandry were the main occupation of the people, and its position on important roads contributed to the development of crafts and trade. There was a mint in Buzim in the 14th century [2] . Until the arrival of the Ottomans, Bužim meant a fortified town on a prominent hill from where a wide area could be monitored. At that time, this fortress-city was called Cava, i.e. Cavski grad. According to written documents, the city-fort was built at the time when Juraj Mikulicic ruled this area, at the end of the 15th century. The Hungarian king Charles Robert (1288 – 1342) gave Buzim as a gift to Grgur Galles, which remained in the possession of his family until 1425, when (from 1429) it was in the possession of the Blagajski princes. In the following period, the power over Bužim passed from the hands of several lords: Counts of Celje, Juraj Mikulicic (1479-1494), Keglevici Buzimski (16th century). The Ottomans occupied Bužim (1576) led by Ferhad Pasha Sokolovic (1530-1586) and established a permanent military garrison here. It is part of the Krup Captaincy, within the Bihac sandjak [2,3] . Since the arrival of the Ottomans, the town at the foot of the fort began to develop. The old town of Bužim was abandoned by the Ottoman military crew in 1851. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Buzim was part of the municipality of Bosanska Krupa, and since 1995 it has been an independent municipality. Figure 1. Buzim. The location Source (left): https://visitmycountry.net/bosnia_herzegovina/bh/index.php/turizam/27- vmc/geografija, Accessed: June 24, 2023., Source (right): Google Earth: Accessed: June 24, 2023. II. ENVIRONMENT By 'environment' we mean every possibility in the space in which man can realize his existence [4] . 1.1. Natural environment By natural environment, we mean all those features that nature gave, and on which man (mostly) did not exert his influence: geographical location, geomorphology, watercourses and reservoirs, plant and animal life, available soil, climate [4] . In Buzim, the summers are warm, the winters very cold and snowy, and it is partly cloudy throughout the year. During the year, the temperature usually varies from -4 °C to 27 °C and is rarely below -11 °C or above 33 °C (Figure 2) [5] .